K. Alberti, R. H. Eckel, S. M. Grundy, P. Z. Zimmet, J. I. Cleeman et al., Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention

, World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity, American Heart Association, vol.120, issue.16, pp.1640-1645, 2009.

A. C. Altamura, R. Bassetti, E. Cattaneo, and S. Vismara, Some biological correlates of drug resistance in schizophrenia: a multidimensional approach, World J. Biol. Psychiatry Off. J. World Fed. Soc. Biol. Psychiatry, vol.6, issue.2, pp.23-30, 2005.

N. C. Andreasen, W. T. Carpenter, J. M. Kane, R. A. Lasser, S. R. Marder et al., Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus, Am. J. Psychiatry. mars, vol.162, issue.3, pp.441-450, 2005.

E. Bulzacka, L. Boyer, F. Schürhoff, O. Godin, F. Berna et al., Chronic Peripheral Inflammation is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Results From the Multicentric FACE-SZ Dataset, Schizophr. Bull. sept, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1290-302, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01482349

M. Cho, T. Y. Lee, Y. B. Kwak, Y. B. Yoon, M. Kim et al., Adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: A meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trials, Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry. 13 mars, 2019.

J. Endicott, R. L. Spitzer, J. L. Fleiss, and J. Cohen, The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. juin, vol.33, issue.6, pp.766-71, 1976.

J. C. Felger, E. Haroon, T. A. Patel, D. R. Goldsmith, E. C. Wommack et al., What does plasma CRP tell us about peripheral and central inflammation in depression?, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.12, 2018.

B. S. Fernandes, J. Steiner, H. Bernstein, S. Dodd, J. A. Pasco et al., C-reactive protein is increased in schizophrenia but is not altered by antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications, Mol. Psychiatry. 14 juill, 2015.

. Mutisme,

. Négativisme,

, Prise de posture (maintien actif, contre la gravité, d'une posture adoptée spontanément)

. Maniérisme,

, Stéréotypies (mouvements non dirigés vers un but, répétitifs et anormalement fréquents)

, Agitation, non influencée par des stimuli externes

, Expressions faciales grimaçantes

, l'absence d'élément clinique en faveur d'un trouble thymique (tristesse de l'humeur, anhédonie?) et de l'absence d'antécédent d'épisode maniaque

, Critères diagnostiques de trouble dépressif caractérisé (DSM-5)

, Présence d'au moins cinq sur les neuf symptômes suivants, présents pour une durée d'au moins deux semaines

, Diminution marquée de l

H. Insomnie-ou,

, Agitation ou ralentissement psychomoteur

, Fatigue ou perte d'énergie

, Pensées de mort récurrentes, idées suicidaires récurrentes sans plan précis ou tentative de suicide ou plan précis pour se suicider

K. Alberti, R. H. Eckel, S. M. Grundy, P. Z. Zimmet, J. I. Cleeman et al., Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention

, American Heart Association; World Heart Federation

, International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity, Circulation, vol.120, issue.16, pp.1640-1645, 2009.

R. Andler, R. Guignard, S. Spilka, L. Nézet, O. Pasquereau et al., Rev. Mal. Respir. juin, vol.35, issue.6, pp.673-85, 2018.

N. C. Andreasen, W. T. Carpenter, J. M. Kane, R. A. Lasser, S. R. Marder et al., Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus, Am. J. Psychiatry. mars, vol.162, issue.3, pp.441-450, 2005.

X. Benarous, A. Consoli, M. Raffin, N. Bodeau, M. Giannitelli et al., Validation of the Pediatric Catatonia Rating Scale (PCRS), Schizophr. Res. oct, vol.176, issue.2-3, pp.378-86, 2016.

G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker, C-reactive protein, subclinical atherosclerosis, and risk of cardiovascular events, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol, vol.22, issue.10, pp.1512-1515, 2002.

D. L. Braff, J. Ryan, A. J. Rissling, and W. T. Carpenter, Lack of use in the literature from the last 20 years supports dropping traditional schizophrenia subtypes from DSM-5 and ICD-11, Schizophr. Bull. juill, vol.39, issue.4, pp.751-754, 2013.

S. Brissos, A. Molodynski, V. V. Dias, and M. L. Figueira, The importance of measuring psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia, Ann. Gen. Psychiatry. 24 juin, vol.10, p.18, 2011.

G. C. Brooks, M. J. Blaha, and R. S. Blumenthal, Relation of C-reactive protein to abdominal adiposity, Am. J. Cardiol. 1 juill, vol.106, issue.1, pp.56-61, 2010.

E. Bulzacka, L. Boyer, F. Schürhoff, O. Godin, F. Berna et al., Chronic Peripheral Inflammation is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Results From the Multicentric FACE-SZ Dataset, Schizophr. Bull, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1290-302, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01482349

G. Bush, M. Fink, G. Petrides, F. Dowling, and A. Francis, Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination, Acta Psychiatr. Scand. févr, vol.93, issue.2, pp.129-165, 1996.

A. Carlsson, M. Lindqvist, . Effect, . Chlorpromazine-or, . On et al., Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.), vol.20, pp.140-144, 1963.

B. T. Carroll, H. W. Goforth, C. Thomas, N. Ahuja, W. W. Mcdaniel et al., Review of adjunctive glutamate antagonist therapy in the treatment of catatonic syndromes, J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci, vol.19, issue.4, pp.406-418, 2007.

W. C. Chang, V. Kwong, G. Chan, J. Ott, E. Lau et al., Prediction of functional remission in first-episode psychosis: 12-month follow-up of the randomized-controlled trial on extended early intervention in Hong Kong, Schizophr. Res. mai, vol.173, issue.1-2, pp.79-83, 2016.

J. Choi, L. Joseph, and L. Pilote, Obesity and C-reactive protein in various populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes. Rev. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes. mars, vol.14, issue.3, pp.232-276, 2013.

R. Dantzer, J. C. O'connor, G. G. Freund, R. W. Johnson, and K. W. Kelley, From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain, Nat. Rev. Neurosci. janv, vol.9, issue.1, pp.46-56, 2008.

M. Debnath, G. Venkatasubramanian, and M. Berk, Fetal programming of schizophrenia: Select mechanisms, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. févr, vol.49, pp.90-104, 2015.

, DSM-5 ®. : manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux

J. Endicott, R. L. Spitzer, J. L. Fleiss, and J. Cohen, The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. juin, vol.33, issue.6, pp.766-71, 1976.

M. Faugere, J. Micoulaud-franchi, C. Faget-agius, C. Lançon, M. Cermolacce et al., High C-reactive protein levels are associated with depressive symptoms in schizophrenia, J. Affect. Disord, vol.01, pp.671-676, 2018.

M. H. Fawzi, M. M. Fawzi, and M. M. Fawzi, Said NS. C-reactive protein serum level in drugfree male Egyptian patients with schizophrenia, Psychiatry Res, vol.190, issue.1, pp.91-98, 2011.

J. C. Felger, E. Haroon, T. A. Patel, D. R. Goldsmith, E. C. Wommack et al., What does plasma CRP tell us about peripheral and central inflammation in depression?, Mol. Psychiatry [Internet], vol.12, 2018.

D. Sur,

B. S. Fernandes, J. Steiner, H. Bernstein, S. Dodd, J. A. Pasco et al., C-reactive protein is increased in schizophrenia but is not altered by antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications, Mol. Psychiatry. avr, vol.21, issue.4, pp.554-64, 2016.

M. L. Figueira and S. Brissos, Measuring psychosocial outcomes in schizophrenia patients, Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. mars, vol.24, issue.2, pp.91-100, 2011.

S. Gallus, A. Lugo, P. Suatoni, F. Taverna, E. Bertocchi et al., Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants, Sci. Rep. 27 août, vol.8, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2018.

C. Garcia-rizo, E. Fernandez-egea, C. Oliveira, A. Justicia, M. Bernardo et al., Inflammatory markers in antipsychotic-naïve patients with nonaffective psychosis and deficit vs. nondeficit features. Psychiatry Res, vol.198, pp.212-217, 2012.

L. S. Goodman, . Nitrogen, and . Therapy, Use of Methyl-Bis(Beta-Chloroethyl)amine Hydrochloride and Tris(Beta-Chloroethyl)amine Hydrochloride for Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphosarcoma, Leukemia and Certain Allied and Miscellaneous Disorders, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 21 sept, vol.132, issue.3, p.126, 1946.

A. A. Grace, Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: a hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia, Neuroscience, vol.41, issue.1, pp.1-24, 1991.

W. Guy, ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology by Guy, William; National Institute of Mental Health

H. Hagberg, P. Gressens, and C. Mallard, Inflammation during fetal and neonatal life: implications for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults, Ann. Neurol. avr, vol.71, issue.4, pp.444-57, 2012.

J. M. Haro, Assessment of remission in schizophrenia with the CGI and CGI-SCH scales, Acta Psychiatr. Scand. févr, vol.117, issue.2, p.156, 2008.

F. P. Hartwig, M. C. Borges, B. L. Horta, J. Bowden, D. Smith et al., Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Schizophrenia: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study, JAMA Psychiatry. 1 déc, vol.74, issue.12, p.1226, 2017.

P. D. Harvey and A. S. Bellack, Toward a terminology for functional recovery in schizophrenia: is functional remission a viable concept?, Schizophr. Bull. mars, vol.35, issue.2, pp.300-306, 2009.

E. Y. Henri, Formes évolutives ; rémissions ; formes terminales, 1955.

C. Hjorthøj, A. E. Stürup, J. J. Mcgrath, and M. Nordentoft, Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Psychiatry, vol.4, issue.4, pp.295-301, 2017.

E. Holthausen, D. Wiersma, W. Cahn, R. S. Kahn, P. M. Dingemans et al., Predictive value of cognition for different domains of outcome in recent-onset schizophrenia, Psychiatry Res. 15 janv, vol.149, issue.1-3, pp.71-80, 2007.

A. Karow, S. Moritz, M. Lambert, D. Schöttle, D. Naber et al., Remitted but still impaired? Symptomatic versus functional remission in patients with schizophrenia, Eur. Psychiatry J. Assoc. Eur. Psychiatr. août, vol.27, issue.6, pp.401-406, 2012.

S. R. Kay, L. A. Opler, and J. P. Lindenmayer, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): rationale and standardisation, Br. J. Psychiatry, issue.7, pp.59-67, 1989.

G. M. Khandaker, L. Cousins, J. Deakin, B. R. Lennox, R. Yolken et al., Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment, Lancet Psychiatry. mars, vol.2, issue.3, pp.258-70, 2015.

H. E. Kortrijk, C. L. Mulder, M. Van-der-gaag, and D. Wiersma, Symptomatic and functional remission and its associations with quality of life in patients with psychotic disorder in Assertive Community Treatment teams, Compr. Psychiatry, vol.53, issue.8, pp.1174-80, 2012.

M. Lambert, A. Karow, S. Leucht, B. G. Schimmelmann, and D. Naber, Remission in schizophrenia: validity, frequency, predictors, and patients' perspective 5 years later, Dialogues Clin. Neurosci, vol.12, issue.3, pp.393-407, 2010.

C. Lançon, F. Baylé, P. Llorca, F. Rouillon, H. Caci et al., Time-stability of the « Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia » (FROGS) scale, Eur. Psychiatry J. Assoc. Eur. Psychiatr. août, vol.27, issue.6, pp.437-478, 2012.

T. M. Laursen, T. Munk-olsen, and M. Vestergaard, Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia, Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. mars, vol.25, issue.2, pp.83-91, 2012.

T. M. Laursen, M. Nordentoft, and P. B. Mortensen, Excess early mortality in schizophrenia, Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol, vol.10, pp.425-473, 2014.

J. De-leon and F. J. Diaz, A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors, Schizophr. Res. 15 juill, vol.76, issue.2-3, pp.135-57, 2005.

S. Leucht, J. M. Kane, W. Kissling, J. Hamann, E. Etschel et al., What does the PANSS mean?, Schizophr. Res, vol.15, issue.2-3, pp.231-239, 2005.

P. Libby, P. M. Ridker, and A. Maseri, Inflammation and atherosclerosis, Circulation. 5 mars, vol.105, issue.9, pp.1135-1178, 2002.

R. P. Liberman, A. Kopelowicz, J. Ventura, and D. Gutkind, Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia, Int. Rev. Psychiatry. janv, vol.14, issue.4, pp.256-72, 2002.

T. M. Lincoln, E. Lüllmann, and W. Rief, Correlates and long-term consequences of poor insight in patients with schizophrenia. A systematic review, Schizophr. Bull, vol.33, issue.6, pp.1324-1366, 2007.

P. Llorca, C. Lançon, S. Lancrenon, F. Bayle, H. Caci et al., The « Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia » (FROGS) scale: development and validation of a new questionnaire, Schizophr. Res. sept, vol.113, issue.2-3, pp.218-243, 2009.

A. L. Lopresti and P. D. Drummond, Obesity and psychiatric disorders: Commonalities in dysregulated biological pathways and their implications for treatment, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. août, vol.45, pp.92-101, 2013.

F. Luchini, P. Medda, M. G. Mariani, M. Mauri, C. Toni et al., Electroconvulsive therapy in catatonic patients: Efficacy and predictors of response, World J. Psychiatry. 22 juin, vol.5, issue.2, pp.182-92, 2015.

S. Malan-müller, S. Kilian, L. L. Van-den-heuvel, S. Bardien, L. Asmal et al., A systematic review of genetic variants associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res. janv, vol.170, issue.1, pp.1-17, 2016.

J. P. Mcevoy, J. M. Meyer, D. C. Goff, H. A. Nasrallah, S. M. Davis et al., Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III, Schizophr. Res. déc, vol.80, issue.1, pp.19-32, 2005.

N. M. Menezes, T. Arenovich, and R. B. Zipursky, A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis, Psychol. Med. oct, vol.36, issue.10, pp.1349-62, 2006.

S. A. Metcalf, P. B. Jones, T. Nordstrom, M. Timonen, P. Mäki et al., Serum Creactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study, Brain. Behav. Immun. janv, vol.59, pp.253-262, 2017.

B. J. Miller, N. Culpepper, and M. H. Rapaport, C-reactive protein levels in schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis, Clin. Schizophr. Relat. Psychoses. janv, vol.7, issue.4, pp.223-253, 2014.

B. Misiak, B. Sta?czykiewicz, K. Kotowicz, J. K. Rybakowski, J. Samochowiec et al., Cytokines and C-reactive protein alterations with respect to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A systematic review, Schizophr. Res, vol.192, pp.16-29, 2018.

A. Monji, T. A. Kato, Y. Mizoguchi, H. Horikawa, Y. Seki et al., Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia especially focused on the role of microglia, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 5 avr, vol.42, pp.115-136, 2013.

N. Müller, M. Riedel, M. J. Schwarz, and R. R. Engel, Clinical effects of COX-2 inhibitors on cognition in schizophrenia, Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. avr, vol.255, issue.2, pp.149-51, 2005.

N. Müller, E. Weidinger, B. Leitner, and M. J. Schwarz, The role of inflammation in schizophrenia, Front. Neurosci, vol.9, p.372, 2015.

D. M. Norden, P. J. Trojanowski, E. Villanueva, E. Navarro, and J. P. Godbout, Sequential activation of microglia and astrocyte cytokine expression precedes increased Iba-1 or GFAP immunoreactivity following systemic immune challenge, Glia. févr, vol.64, issue.2, pp.300-316, 2016.

J. Van-os, T. Burns, R. Cavallaro, S. Leucht, J. Peuskens et al., Standardized remission criteria in schizophrenia, Acta Psychiatr. Scand. févr, vol.113, issue.2, pp.91-96, 2006.

J. Van-os and K. S. Schizophrenia, Lancet Lond. Engl. 22 août, vol.374, issue.9690, pp.635-680, 2009.

J. M. Parrott, L. Redus, D. Santana-coelho, J. Morales, X. Gao et al., Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation, Transl. Psychiatry. oct, vol.6, issue.10, pp.918-918, 2016.

P. Pavone, R. Falsaperla, F. Nicita, A. Zecchini, C. Battaglia et al., Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS): Clinical Manifestations, IVIG Treatment Outcomes, Results from a Cohort of Italian Patients, Neuropsychiatry, issue.03, p.8, 2018.

T. A. Pearson, G. A. Mensah, R. W. Alexander, J. L. Anderson, R. O. Cannon et al., Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the, American Heart Association. Circulation. 28 janv, vol.107, issue.3, pp.499-511, 2003.

M. Penttilä, E. Jääskeläinen, N. Hirvonen, M. Isohanni, and J. Miettunen, Duration of untreated psychosis as predictor of long-term outcome in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis, Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci. août, vol.205, issue.2, pp.88-94, 2014.

B. P. Prins, A. Abbasi, A. Wong, A. Vaez, I. Nolte et al., Investigating the Causal Relationship of C-Reactive Protein with 32 Complex Somatic and Psychiatric Outcomes: A Large-Scale Cross-Consortium Mendelian Randomization Study, PLoS Med, vol.13, issue.6, p.1001976, 2016.

R. Radhakrishnan, M. Kaser, and S. Guloksuz, The Link Between the Immune System, Environment, and Psychosis, Schizophr. Bull. 1 juill, vol.43, issue.4, pp.693-700, 2017.

D. Ricklin and J. D. Lambris, Complement in immune and inflammatory disorders: pathophysiological mechanisms, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.190, issue.8, pp.3831-3839, 1950.

F. Rouillon, M. Toumi, G. Y. Dansette, J. Benyaya, and P. Auquier, Some aspects of the cost of schizophrenia in France, PharmacoEconomics. juin, vol.11, issue.6, pp.578-94, 1997.

S. Saha, D. Chant, J. Welham, and J. Mcgrath, A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia, PLoS Med. mai, vol.2, issue.5, p.141, 2005.

A. Sekar, A. R. Bialas, H. De-rivera, A. Davis, T. R. Hammond et al., Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4, Nature. 11 févr, vol.530, issue.7589, pp.177-83, 2016.

D. Vancampfort, B. Stubbs, A. J. Mitchell, D. Hert, M. Wampers et al., Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry, vol.14, pp.339-386, 2015.

Z. Wang, P. Li, C. D. Wu, T. Mei, Z. Cui et al., Association between C-reactive protein and risk of schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis, Oncotarget. 18 mai, vol.8, issue.43, pp.75445-54, 2017.

A. Wittorf, G. Wiedemann, G. Buchkremer, and S. Klingberg, Prediction of community outcome in schizophrenia 1 year after discharge from inpatient treatment, Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. févr, vol.258, issue.1, pp.48-58, 2008.

M. K. Wium-andersen, D. D. Ørsted, and B. G. Nordestgaard, Elevated C-reactive protein associated with late-and very-late-onset schizophrenia in the general population: a prospective study, Schizophr. Bull. sept, vol.40, issue.5, pp.1117-1144, 2014.

D. De and L. Maladie,

, Rémission symptomatique, n (%) 49 (18.6%) 31 (64.6%) 18 (8.4%)

M. Egf,

, Comorbidités Obésité, p.69

M. Imc,

, Fumeurs actifs réguliers, n (%), p.165

, Syndrome métabolique, n (%) 58 (22.1%) n (%) 105

, Les associations significatives (p < 0.05) sont en gras

, La rémission symptomatique a été définie selon les critères d'Andreasen. La présence du syndrome métabolique a été définie selon les critères de la Fédération Internationale du Diabète