. Bibliographie,

M. Matucci-cerinic, B. Kahaleh, and F. M. Wigley, Review: evidence that systemic sclerosis is a vascular disease, Arthritis Rheum, vol.65, pp.1953-62, 2013.

Y. Allanore,

, Med Sci MS, vol.32, pp.183-91, 2016.

C. Bryan, Y. Howard, P. Brennan, C. Black, and A. Silman, Survival following the onset of scleroderma: results from a retrospective inception cohort study of the UK patient population, Br J Rheumatol, vol.35, pp.1122-1128, 1996.

M. Elhai, C. Meune, M. Boubaya, J. Avouac, E. Hachulla et al., Mapping and predicting mortality from systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.76, pp.1897-905, 2017.

S. Chu, Y. Chen, C. Liu, W. Tseng, M. Lin et al., Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in systemic sclerosis: a nationwide population-based study

, Am J Med, vol.126, pp.982-990, 2013.

G. Ngian, J. Sahhar, S. M. Proudman, W. Stevens, I. P. Wicks et al., Prevalence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a national cross-sectional cohort study of systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.71, pp.1980-1983, 2012.

A. Man, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, M. Dubreuil, Y. H. Rho et al., The risk of cardiovascular disease in systemic sclerosis: a population-based cohort study, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.72, pp.1188-93, 2013.

A. Nordin, K. Jensen-urstad, L. Björnådal, S. Pettersson, A. Larsson et al., Ischemic arterial events and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: a population-based case-control study, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.15, p.87, 2013.

J. A. Aviña-zubieta, M. A. Yurkovich, M. Huang, K. Sayre, E. C. Choi et al., Early Cardiovascular Disease After the Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis, Am J Med, vol.129, pp.324-355, 2016.

V. Khurma, C. Meyer, G. S. Park, M. Mcmahon, J. Lin et al., A pilot study of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis: coronary artery calcification in cases and controls, Arthritis Rheum, vol.59, pp.591-598, 2008.

M. Y. Mok, S. Chiu, Y. Lo, H. Mak, W. S. Wong et al., Coronary atherosclerosis using computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with systemic sclerosis, Scand J Rheumatol, vol.38, pp.381-386, 2009.

M. R. Akram, C. E. Handler, M. Williams, M. T. Carulli, M. Andron et al., Angiographically proven coronary artery disease in scleroderma, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.45, pp.1395-1403, 2006.

E. Tarek, A. E. Yasser, and T. Gheita, Coronary angiographic findings in asymptomatic systemic sclerosis, Clin Rheumatol, vol.25, pp.487-90, 2006.

D. Ying, M. A. Gianfrancesco, L. Trupin, J. Yazdany, E. Greidinger et al., Increased risk of ischemic stroke in systemic sclerosis: a national cohort study of US veterans, J Rheumatol, 2019.

E. Heron, A. Hernigou, G. Chatellier, P. Fornes, J. Emmerich et al., Intracerebral calcification in systemic sclerosis, Stroke, vol.30, pp.2183-2188, 1999.

X. Chen, W. Lam, H. K. Ng, Y. Fan, and K. S. Wong, Intracranial artery calcification: a newly identified risk factor of ischemic stroke, J Neuroimaging Off J Am Soc Neuroimaging, vol.17, pp.300-303, 2007.

M. L. Bots, A. W. Hoes, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and D. E. Grobbee, Common carotid intimamedia thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study, Circulation, vol.96, pp.1432-1439, 1997.

D. H. O'leary, J. F. Polak, R. A. Kronmal, T. A. Manolio, G. L. Burke et al., Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group, N Engl J Med, vol.340, pp.14-22, 1999.

J. T. Salonen and R. Salonen, Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease, Arterioscler Thromb J Vasc Biol, vol.11, pp.1245-1254, 1991.

R. T. Domsic, C. Dezfulian, A. Shoushtari, D. Ivanco, E. Kenny et al., Endothelial dysfunction is present only in the microvasculature and microcirculation of early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.32, 2014.

E. Schiopu, K. M. Au, M. A. Mcmahon, M. J. Kaplan, A. Divekar et al., Prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis is increased in systemic sclerosis and is associated with serum proteins: a cross-sectional, controlled study of carotid ultrasound, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.53, pp.704-717, 2014.

M. Frerix, J. Stegbauer, A. Kreuter, and S. M. Weiner, Atherosclerotic plaques occur in absence of intima-media thickening in both systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a duplexsonography study of carotid and femoral arteries and follow-up for cardiovascular events, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.16, p.54, 2014.

M. Turiel, L. Gianturco, C. Ricci, P. Sarzi-puttini, L. Tomasoni et al., Silent cardiovascular involvement in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis: a controlled crosssectional study, Arthritis Care Res, vol.65, pp.274-80, 2013.

R. Macedo, M. Andretta, C. Albers, T. Skare, J. M. Ribas-filho et al., Evaluation of carotid artery intima-media complex thickness as a marker of vascular damage 27 secondary to accelerated atherogenesis in progressive systemic sclerosis, Rev Col Bras Cir, vol.39, pp.10-15, 2012.

M. C. Piccione, G. Bagnato, C. Zito, D. Bella, G. Caliri et al., Early identification of vascular damage in patients with systemic sclerosis, Angiology, vol.62, pp.338-381, 2011.

J. Liu, Y. Zhang, T. Cao, Y. Duan, L. Yuan et al., Preferential macrovasculopathy in systemic sclerosis detected by regional pulse wave velocity from wave intensity analysis: comparisons of local and regional arterial stiffness parameters in cases and controls, Arthritis Care Res, vol.63, pp.579-87, 2011.

S. Vettori, L. Maresca, G. Cuomo, S. Abbadessa, G. Leonardo et al., Clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis: consequences of previous corticosteroid treatment, Scand J Rheumatol, vol.39, pp.485-494, 2010.

N. Tsifetaki, A. N. Georgiadis, Y. Alamanos, S. Fanis, M. I. Argyropoulou et al., Subclinical atherosclerosis in scleroderma patients, Scand J Rheumatol, vol.39, pp.326-335, 2010.

M. Roustit, G. H. Simmons, J. Baguet, P. Carpentier, and J. Cracowski, Discrepancy between simultaneous digital skin microvascular and brachial artery macrovascular post-occlusive hyperemia in systemic sclerosis, J Rheumatol, vol.35, pp.1576-83, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00361994

M. E. Hettema, D. Zhang, K. De-leeuw, Y. Stienstra, A. J. Smit et al., Early atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis and its relation to disease or traditional risk factors

, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.10, p.49, 2008.

Y. Sherer, M. M. Cerinic, F. Bartoli, J. Blagojevic, M. L. Conforti et al., Early atherosclerosis and autoantibodies to heat-shock proteins and oxidized LDL in systemic sclerosis, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.1108, pp.259-67, 2007.

F. Bartoli, J. Blagojevic, M. Bacci, G. Fiori, A. Tempestini et al., Flow-mediated vasodilation and carotid intima-media thickness in systemic sclerosis, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.1108, pp.283-90, 2007.

O. Kaloudi, G. Basta, F. Perfetto, F. Bartoli, D. Rosso et al., Circulating levels of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine are increased in systemic sclerosis, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.46, pp.412-418, 2007.

G. Szucs, O. Tímár, Z. Szekanecz, H. Dér, G. Kerekes et al., Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis--relevance for prevention of vascular complications, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.46, pp.759-62, 2007.

N. A. Zakopoulos, V. T. Kotsis, E. J. Gialafos, C. M. Papamichael, V. C. Pitiriga et al., Systemic sclerosis is not associated with clinical or ambulatory blood pressure, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.21, pp.199-204, 2003.

K. Cheng, A. Tiwari, A. Boutin, C. P. Denton, C. M. Black et al., Carotid and femoral arterial wall mechanics in scleroderma, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.42, pp.1299-305, 2003.

J. Lekakis, M. Mavrikakis, C. Papamichael, S. Papazoglou, O. Economou et al., Short-term estrogen administration improves abnormal endothelial function in women with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon, Am Heart J, vol.136, pp.905-917, 1998.

K. Au, M. K. Singh, V. Bodukam, S. Bae, P. Maranian et al., Atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Arthritis Rheum, vol.63, pp.2078-90, 2011.

G. Howard, A. R. Sharrett, G. Heiss, G. W. Evans, L. E. Chambless et al., Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in general populations as evaluated by Bmode ultrasound, ARIC Investigators. Stroke, vol.24, pp.1297-304, 1993.

P. Touboul, M. G. Hennerici, S. Meairs, H. Adams, P. Amarenco et al., Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus, An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, vol.34, pp.290-296, 2004.

L. Stafford, H. Englert, J. Gover, and J. Bertouch, Distribution of macrovascular disease in scleroderma, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.57, pp.476-485, 1998.

C. Doutrelon, S. Skopinski, C. Boulon, and J. Constans,

, J

, Mal Vasc, vol.41, pp.253-262, 2016.

Y. Emad, H. Al-sherbeni, Y. Ragab, I. Abo-el-youn, N. El-shaarawy et al., Arterial vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis: computerized tomography (CT) angiographic features of macrovascular and microvascular upper limbs arteries, Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum, vol.81, pp.433-440, 2014.

J. H. Park, Y. Sung, S. Bae, S. Song, H. S. Seo et al., Ulnar artery vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis, Rheumatol Int, vol.29, pp.1081-1087, 2009.

M. Frerix, J. Stegbauer, D. Dragun, A. Kreuter, and S. M. Weiner, Ulnar artery occlusion is predictive of digital ulcers in SSc: a duplex sonography study, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.51, pp.735-777, 2012.

A. Lescoat, G. Coiffier, A. Rouil, C. Droitcourt, C. Cazalets et al., Vascular Evaluation of the Hand by Power Doppler Ultrasonography and New Predictive Markers of Ischemic Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study

, Arthritis Care Res, vol.69, pp.543-51, 2017.

E. Hachulla, P. Clerson, D. Launay, M. Lambert, S. Morell-dubois et al., Natural history of ischemic digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: single-center retrospective longitudinal study, J Rheumatol, vol.34, pp.2423-2453, 2007.

L. Mouthon, C. Mestre-stanislas, A. Bérezné, F. Rannou, P. Guilpain et al., Impact of digital ulcers on disability and health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.69, pp.214-221, 2010.

W. A. Schmidt, A. Krause, B. Schicke, and D. Wernicke, Color Doppler ultrasonography of hand and finger arteries to differentiate primary from secondary forms of Raynaud's phenomenon, J Rheumatol, vol.35, pp.1591-1599, 2008.

E. Rosato, A. Gigante, B. Barbano, R. Cianci, I. Molinaro et al., In systemic sclerosis macrovascular damage of hands digital arteries correlates with microvascular damage, Microvasc Res, vol.82, pp.410-415, 2011.

M. Hasegawa, Y. Nagai, A. Tamura, and O. Ishikawa, Arteriographic evaluation of vascular changes of the extremities in patients with systemic sclerosis, Br J Dermatol, vol.155, pp.1159-64, 2006.

G. Bohelay, S. Blaise, P. Levy, A. Claeys, N. Baudot et al., Lower-limb Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicentre Retrospective Case-control Study, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.98, pp.677-82, 2018.

B. Watelet, J. Jeancolas, D. Lanéelle, B. Bienvenu, L. Hello et al.,

, Rev Med Interne, vol.38, pp.430-435, 2017.

E. A. Dick, R. Aviv, I. Francis, G. Hamilton, D. Baker et al., Catheter angiography and angioplasty in patients with scleroderma, Br J Radiol, vol.74, pp.1091-1097, 2001.

M. H. Criqui, Systemic atherosclerosis risk and the mandate for intervention in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, Am J Cardiol, vol.88, pp.43-47, 2001.

E. F. Bernstein and A. Fronek, Current status of noninvasive tests in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease, Surg Clin North Am, vol.62, pp.473-87, 1982.

M. Ho, D. Veale, C. Eastmond, G. Nuki, and J. Belch, Macrovascular disease and systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.59, pp.39-43, 2000.

Y. Zeng, M. Li, D. Xu, Y. Hou, Q. Wang et al., Macrovascular involvement in systemic sclerosis: evidence of correlation with disease activity, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.30, pp.76-80, 2012.

C. Cassius, J. Monfort, A. Baudot, N. , F. C. Rivière et al.,

, Atteinte macro-et micro-artérielle des membres inférieurs au cours de la sclérodermie systémique : intérêt de la mesure de la pression d'orteil, Ann Dermatol Vénéréologie, vol.144, pp.298-307, 2017.

Y. Ben-shlomo, M. Spears, C. Boustred, M. May, S. G. Anderson et al., Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta-analysis of prospective observational data from 17,635 subjects, J Am Coll Cardiol, vol.63, pp.636-682, 2014.

C. Vlachopoulos, K. Aznaouridis, and C. Stefanadis, Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Coll Cardiol, vol.55, pp.1318-1345, 2010.

G. Ngian, J. Sahhar, I. P. Wicks, and S. Van-doornum, Arterial stiffness is increased in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional comparison with matched controls, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.32, pp.161-166, 2014.

O. Timár, P. Soltész, S. Szamosi, H. Dér, S. Szántó et al., Increased arterial stiffness as the marker of vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis, J Rheumatol, vol.35, pp.1329-1362, 2008.

A. Cypiene, A. Laucevicius, A. Venalis, J. Dadoniene, L. Ryliskyte et al., The impact of systemic sclerosis on arterial wall stiffness parameters and endothelial function, Clin Rheumatol, vol.27, pp.1517-1539, 2008.

M. Colaci, D. Giuggioli, A. Manfredi, M. Sebastiani, F. Coppi et al., Aortic pulse wave velocity measurement in systemic sclerosis patients, Reumatismo, vol.64, pp.360-367, 2012.

A. Benyamine, J. Magalon, S. Cointe, R. Lacroix, L. Arnaud et al., Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34+CD45-endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.19, p.60, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01777909

A. Adji, M. F. O'rourke, and M. Namasivayam, Arterial stiffness, its assessment, prognostic value, and implications for treatment, Am J Hypertens, vol.24, pp.5-17, 2011.

T. Takami and M. Shigemasa, Efficacy of various antihypertensive agents as evaluated by indices of vascular stiffness in elderly hypertensive patients, Hypertens Res Off J Jpn Soc Hypertens, vol.26, pp.609-623, 2003.

J. J. Van-der-heijden-spek, J. A. Staessen, R. H. Fagard, A. P. Hoeks, H. A. Boudier et al., Effect of age on brachial artery wall properties differs from the aorta and is gender dependent: a population study, Hypertens Dallas Tex, vol.35, pp.637-679, 1979.

J. Constans, P. Gosse, C. Conri, and J. Clémenty,

, Rev Med Interne, vol.23, pp.308-319, 2002.

J. Constans, P. Gosse, J. L. Pellegrin, P. Ansoborlo, B. Leng et al., Alteration of arterial distensibility in systemic sclerosis, J Intern Med, vol.241, pp.115-123, 1997.

J. Constans, C. Germain, P. Gosse, J. Taillard, K. Tiev et al., Arterial stiffness predicts severe progression in systemic sclerosis: the ERAMS study, J Hypertens, vol.25, pp.1900-1906, 2007.

D. , A. A. Caso, P. Cuomo, S. , S. Di-uccio et al., Myocardial and vascular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: the potential role of noninvasive assessment in asymptomatic patients, Int J Cardiol, vol.121, pp.298-301, 2007.

P. Rossi, B. Granel, D. Marziale, L. Mée, F. Francès et al., Endothelial function and hemodynamics in systemic sclerosis, Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, vol.30, pp.453-462, 2010.

D. Rollando, G. P. Bezante, A. Sulli, M. Balbi, N. Panico et al., Brachial artery endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation identifies early-stage endothelial dysfunction in systemic sclerosis and correlates with nailfold microvascular impairment

, J Rheumatol, vol.37, pp.1168-73, 2010.

T. Takahashi, Y. Asano, E. Amiya, M. Hatano, Z. Tamaki et al., Clinical correlation of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic sclerosis, Mod Rheumatol, vol.24, pp.106-117, 2014.

C. Puissant, P. Abraham, S. Durand, A. Humeau-heurtier, S. Faure et al., La fonction endothéliale : rôle, méthodes d'évaluation et limites

T. Bichile and M. Petri, Prevention and management of co-morbidities in SLE, Presse Medicale Paris Fr, vol.43, pp.187-195, 1983.

E. Choy, K. Ganeshalingam, A. G. Semb, Z. Szekanecz, and M. Nurmohamed, Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: recent advances in the understanding of the pivotal role of inflammation, risk predictors and the impact of treatment, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.53, pp.2143-54, 2014.

K. Makino, M. Jinnin, J. Aoi, I. Kajihara, T. Makino et al., Knockout of endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 attenuates skin fibrosis but accelerates cutaneous wound healing, PloS One, vol.9, p.97972, 2014.

G. N. Andersen, L. Mincheva-nilsson, E. Kazzam, G. Nyberg, N. Klintland et al., Assessment of vascular function in systemic sclerosis: indications of the development of nitrate tolerance as a result of enhanced endothelial nitric oxide production, Arthritis Rheum, vol.46, pp.1324-1356, 2002.

P. Gosse, J. Taillard, and J. Constans, Evolution of ambulatory measurement of blood pressure and parameters of arterial stiffness over a 1-year period in patients with systemic sclerosis: ERAMS study, ERAMS Study Investigators, vol.16, pp.627-657, 2002.

M. Merashli, J. Alves, and P. Ames, Clinical relevance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, vol.46, pp.615-639, 2017.

F. Boin, S. Franchini, E. Colantuoni, A. Rosen, F. M. Wigley et al., Independent association of anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies with macrovascular disease and mortality in scleroderma patients, Arthritis Rheum, vol.60, pp.2480-2489, 2009.

V. Sobanski, A. Lemaire-olivier, J. Giovannelli, L. Dauchet, M. Simon et al., Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis: New Data From a French Cross-Sectional Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol, vol.9, p.2457, 2018.

D. Giuggioli, A. Manfredi, M. Colaci, C. U. Manzini, A. Antonelli et al., Systemic sclerosis and cryoglobulinemia: our experience with overlapping syndrome of scleroderma and severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and review of the literature, Autoimmun Rev, vol.12, pp.1058-63, 2013.

S. Szamosi, Z. Csiki, E. Szomják, E. Szolnoki, G. Szoke et al., Plasma homocysteine levels, the prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism and macrovascular disorders in systemic sclerosis: risk factors for accelerated macrovascular damage?, Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, vol.36, pp.145-154, 2009.

R. S. Rosenson, H. B. Brewer, B. J. Ansell, P. Barter, M. J. Chapman et al., Dysfunctional HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Nat Rev Cardiol, vol.13, pp.48-60, 2016.

G. Lippi, P. Caramaschi, M. Montagnana, G. L. Salvagno, A. Volpe et al., Lipoprotein[a] and the lipid profile in patients with systemic sclerosis, Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem, vol.364, pp.345-353, 2006.

B. Gencer, F. Kronenberg, E. S. Stroes, and F. Mach, Lipoprotein(a): the revenant, Eur Heart J, vol.38, pp.1553-60, 2017.

N. Louneva, G. Huaman, J. Fertala, and S. A. Jiménez, Inhibition of systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblast type I collagen production and gene expression by simvastatin, Arthritis Rheum, vol.54, pp.1298-308, 2006.

G. Bagnato, A. Bitto, G. Pizzino, N. Irrera, D. Sangari et al., Simvastatin attenuates the development of pulmonary and cutaneous fibrosis in a murine model of systemic sclerosis, Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.52, pp.1377-86, 2013.

K. Ladak and J. E. Pope, A review of the effects of statins in systemic sclerosis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, vol.45, pp.698-705, 2016.

A. Abou-raya, S. Abou-raya, and M. Helmii, Statins: potentially useful in therapy of systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers, J Rheumatol, vol.35, pp.1801-1809, 2008.

, Julien Bertolino, vol.1

, Sébastien Sanges, vol.6

H. Service-de-médecine-interne and . Nord, Service d'évaluation médicale, CIC-CPCET

, Service de médecine vasculaire, Hôpital St André

, Service de médecine interne

, Service de médecine interne

, Service de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique

, Service de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique

H. Service-de-médecine-interne and . Cochin, Service d'immunologie clinique, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, France 10. Service de médecine interne, AP-HP

Y. Allanore,

, Med Sci (Paris), vol.32, pp.183-91, 2016.

S. Chu, Y. Chen, C. Liu, W. Tseng, M. Lin et al., Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in systemic sclerosis: a nationwide populationbased study, Am J Med, vol.126, p.25, 1016.

G. Ngian, J. Sahhar, S. M. Proudman, W. Stevens, I. P. Wicks et al., Prevalence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a national cross-sectional cohort study of systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.71, pp.1980-1983, 1136.

A. Man, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, M. Dubreuil, Y. H. Rho et al., The risk of cardiovascular disease in systemic sclerosis: a population-based cohort study

, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.72, pp.1188-93, 1136.

M. Frerix, J. Stegbauer, D. Dragun, A. Kreuter, and S. M. Weiner, Ulnar artery occlusion is predictive of digital ulcers in SSc: a duplex sonography study, Rheumatology (Oxford), vol.51, pp.735-777, 2012.

K. Au, M. K. Singh, V. Bodukam, S. Bae, P. Maranian et al., Atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Arthritis Rheum, vol.63, p.30380, 2011.

T. Takahashi, Y. Asano, E. Amiya, M. Hatano, Z. Tamaki et al., Clinical correlation of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic sclerosis, Mod, vol.24, p.854064, 2013.

P. Rossi, B. Granel, D. Marziale, L. Mée, F. Francès et al., Endothelial function and hemodynamics in systemic sclerosis, Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, vol.30, issue.10, p.965, 1111.

M. I. Dorevitch, L. E. Clemens, and J. B. Webb, Lower limb amputation secondary to large vessel involvement in scleroderma, Br J Rheumatol, vol.27, pp.403-409, 1988.

M. E. Reidy, V. Steen, and J. J. Nicholas, Lower extremity amputation in scleroderma, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.73, pp.811-814, 1992.

P. Youssef, T. Brama, H. Englert, and J. Bertouch, Limited scleroderma is associated with increased prevalence of macrovascular disease, J Rheumatol, vol.22, pp.469-72, 1995.

J. Deguchi, K. Shigematsu, S. Ota, H. Kimura, M. Fukayama et al., Surgical result of critical limb ischemia due to tibial arterial occlusion in patients with systemic scleroderma, J Vasc Surg, vol.49, p.66, 2008.

F. Van-den-hoogen, D. Khanna, J. Fransen, S. R. Johnson, M. Baron et al., 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American College of

. Rheumatology/european, League against Rheumatism collaborative initiative

, Arthritis Rheum, vol.65, p.38098, 2013.

Y. Higashi, T. Miyata, H. Shigematsu, H. Origasa, M. Fujita et al., Evaluation of Risk Factors for Major Amputation in Patients With Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease Receiving Antiplatelet Therapy -Post Hoc Analysis of a Prospective Observational Multicenter Cohort Study (SEASON), Circ J, vol.83, pp.1929-1965, 2019.

C. Sunderkötter, I. Herrgott, C. Brückner, P. Moinzadeh, C. Pfeiffer et al., Comparison of patients with and without digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: detection of possible risk factors, Br J Dermatol, vol.160, p.9004, 1111.

K. Morrisroe, W. Stevens, J. Sahhar, C. Rabusa, M. Nikpour et al., Epidemiology and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from a real-life screening programme

, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.19, p.42, 2017.

V. K. Jaeger, G. Valentini, E. Hachulla, F. Cozzi, O. Distler et al., Brief Report: Smoking in Systemic Sclerosis: A Longitudinal European Scleroderma Trials and Research Group Study, Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol.70, p.40557, 2018.

L. Wei, T. M. Macdonald, and B. R. Walker, Taking glucocorticoids by prescription is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease, Ann Intern Med, vol.141, pp.764-70, 2004.

J. Merino, B. Casanueva, E. Piney, V. Bernal, F. Rodriguez-valverde-v-;-r et al., Hemiplegia and peripheral gangrene secondary to large and medium size vessels involvement in C, Clin Rheumatol, vol.1, issue.10, pp.295-304, 1007.

G. Bohelay, S. Blaise, P. Levy, A. Claeys, N. Baudot et al., Lower-limb Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicentre Retrospective Case-control Study

, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.98, pp.15555-2939, 2018.

I. Arhuidese, M. Malas, T. Obeid, K. Massada, A. Khaled et al., Outcomes after open infrainguinal bypass in patients with scleroderma, J Vasc Surg, vol.64, p.57, 2015.

S. I. Nihtyanova, B. E. Schreiber, V. H. Ong, D. Rosenberg, P. Moinzadeh et al., Prediction of pulmonary complications and long-term survival in systemic sclerosis, Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol.66, p.38390, 2014.

M. Cossu, R. Andracco, A. Santaniello, M. Marchini, A. Severino et al., Serum levels of vascular dysfunction markers reflect disease severity and stage in systemic sclerosis patients, Rheumatology (Oxford), vol.55, pp.1112-1118, 2016.

C. Muangchant and J. E. Pope, The significance of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.31, pp.122-156, 2013.

M. Merashli, J. Alves, and P. Ames, Clinical relevance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, vol.46, p.4, 2016.

F. Boin, S. Franchini, E. Colantuoni, A. Rosen, F. M. Wigley et al., Independent association of anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies with 52 macrovascular disease and mortality in scleroderma patients, Arthritis Rheum, vol.60, p.24684, 2009.

V. Sobanski, A. Lemaire-olivier, J. Giovannelli, L. Dauchet, M. Simon et al., Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis: New Data From a French Cross-Sectional Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol, vol.9, p.2457, 2018.

B. K. Mahmoodi, J. Brouwer, N. Veeger, and J. Van-der-meer, Hereditary deficiency of protein C or protein S confers increased risk of arterial thromboembolic events at a young age: results from a large family cohort study, Circulation, vol.118, p.780759, 2008.

B. Watelet, J. Jeancolas, D. Lanéelle, B. Bienvenu, L. Hello et al.,

, Rev Med Interne, vol.38, p.20, 2016.

E. A. Dick, R. Aviv, I. Francis, G. Hamilton, D. Baker et al., Catheter angiography and angioplasty in patients with scleroderma, Br J Radiol, vol.74, p.741091, 2001.

, Annexe 1 : Autorisation de la Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés, vol.54, p.55

, Annexe 2 : Avis Favorable du Comité d'éthique Comité d'éthique de l'université d'Aix-Marseille Objet : Avis du Comité d'éthique, N/Réf dossier : 2019-25-04-002 Dossier suivi par :DRV-Audrey Janssens Pièce(s) jointe(s) : 1 document

L. Marseille and . Lundi, , vol.29, 2019.

. Le, G. Le-pr, and B. , Service de médecine interne, hôpital Nord et l'investigateur secondaire BERTOLINO, Julien, interne en DES de médecine interne à l'Université d'Aix-Marseille et Chef de Clinique Assistante à l'AP-HM, intitulé «Caractéristiques cliniques et paracliniques des patients atteints de Sclérodermie Systémique compliquée d'une amputation de tout ou partie d'un membre inférieur: Etude cas-témoins au sein du GFRS, » a été soumis pour avis au Comité d'éthique en sa séance du jeudi 25 avril, 2019.

P. Weiller,

, +33 (0)4 91 39 65 00 -Fax : +33 (0)4 91 31 31 36 -www,univ-amu,fr Characteristics of patients with Systemic Sclerosis suffering from a lower limb amputation: Result of a French collaborative study, Journal: The Journal of Rheumatology Manuscript ID Draft

;. Grégory and . Chu-purpan, Hopital Claude Huriez, Service de Medecine Interne Berthier

A. Benyamine, A. Nord, . Rossi, ;. Pascal, M. I. Ap-hm et al.,

. Hopital-cochin and B. Service-de-medecine-interne-granel, Hôpital Nord APHM Keywords: Systemic sclerosis, Leg, Surgery Result of a French collaborative study

, Elisabeth Jouve 2 (MSc), vol.3

, Aurélie Achille 4 (MD)

, Sebastien Sanges 6 (MD), Sabine Berthier 7 (MD)

, Brigitte Granel 1 (MD), for the French Research Group on Systemic Sclerosis (GFRS), Luc Mouthon 8 (MD, PhD)

, Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM

. Ap-hm and . Cic-cpcet, Medical Evaluation Service

, Vascular Medicine Department

, Internal Medicine Department, vol.5

U. Inserm and C. Lille, Referral center for rare systemic autoimmune diseases North and North-west of France 7. Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, Hôpital Cochin

S. Chu, Y. Chen, C. Liu, W. Tseng, M. Lin et al., Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in systemic sclerosis: a nationwide population-based study, Clinical Immunology Department, vol.1, pp.982-990, 2013.

G. Ngian, J. Sahhar, S. M. Proudman, W. Stevens, I. P. Wicks et al., Prevalence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a national cross-sectional cohort study of systemic sclerosis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.71, pp.1980-1983, 2012.

A. Man, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, M. Dubreuil, Y. H. Rho et al., The risk of cardiovascular disease in systemic sclerosis: a population-based cohort study, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.72, pp.1188-93, 2013.

A. Nordin, K. Jensen-urstad, L. Björnådal, S. Pettersson, A. Larsson et al., Ischemic arterial events and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: a population-based casecontrol study, Arthritis Res Ther, vol.15, p.87, 2013.

K. Au, M. K. Singh, V. Bodukam, S. Bae, P. Maranian et al., Atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Arthritis Rheum, vol.63, pp.2078-90, 2011.

T. Takahashi, Y. Asano, E. Amiya, M. Hatano, Z. Tamaki et al., Clinical correlation of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic sclerosis, Mod Rheumatol, vol.24, pp.106-117, 2014.

P. Rossi, B. Granel, D. Marziale, L. Mée, F. Francès et al., Endothelial function and hemodynamics in systemic sclerosis, Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, vol.30, pp.453-462, 2010.

M. Frerix, J. Stegbauer, D. Dragun, A. Kreuter, and S. M. Weiner, Ulnar artery occlusion is predictive of digital ulcers in SSc: a duplex sonography study, Rheumatology (Oxford), vol.51, pp.735-777, 2012.

M. I. Dorevitch, L. E. Clemens, and J. B. Webb, Lower limb amputation secondary to large vessel involvement in scleroderma, Br J Rheumatol, vol.27, pp.403-409, 1988.

M. E. Reidy, V. Steen, and J. J. Nicholas, Lower extremity amputation in scleroderma, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.73, pp.811-814, 1992.

P. Youssef, T. Brama, H. Englert, and J. Bertouch, Limited scleroderma is associated with increased prevalence of macrovascular disease, J Rheumatol, vol.22, pp.469-72, 1995.

J. Deguchi, K. Shigematsu, S. Ota, H. Kimura, M. Fukayama et al., Surgical result of critical limb ischemia due to tibial arterial occlusion in patients with systemic scleroderma, J Vasc Surg, vol.49, pp.918-941, 2009.

C. Sunderkötter, I. Herrgott, C. Brückner, P. Moinzadeh, C. Pfeiffer et al., Comparison of patients with and without digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: detection of possible risk factors, Br J Dermatol, vol.160, pp.835-878, 2009.

G. Bohelay, S. Blaise, P. Levy, A. Claeys, N. Baudot et al., Lower-limb Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicentre Retrospective Case-control Study, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.98, pp.677-82, 2018.