E. J. Hoorn, S. B. Walsh, and J. A. Mccormick, The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus activates the renal sodium chloride cotransporter to cause hypertension, Nat. Med, vol.17, pp.1304-1309, 2011.

R. Shah, T. Patel, and J. E. Freedman, Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Disease, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.379, pp.958-966, 2018.

M. Colombo, G. Raposo, and C. Théry, Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol, vol.30, pp.255-289, 2014.

A. Hoshino, B. Costa-silva, and T. Shen, Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis, Nature, vol.527, pp.329-335, 2015.

D. Karpman, A. Ståhl, and I. Arvidsson, Extracellular vesicles in renal disease, Nature Publishing Group, vol.2017, pp.1-18

M. L. Merchant, I. M. Rood, and J. Deegens, Isolation and characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles: implications for biomarker discovery, Nature Publishing Group, vol.13, pp.731-749, 2017.

P. A. Gonzales, T. Pisitkun, and J. D. Hoffert, Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.20, pp.363-379, 2009.

H. Mayan, D. Attar-herzberg, and M. Shaharabany, Increased urinary Na-Cl cotransporter protein in familial hyperkalaemia and hypertension, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, vol.23, pp.492-496, 2008.

N. Van-der-lubbe, P. M. Jansen, and M. Salih, The phosphorylated sodium chloride cotransporter in urinary exosomes is superior to prostasin as a marker for aldosteronism, Hypertension, vol.60, pp.741-748, 2012.

S. Corbetta, F. Raimondo, and S. Tedeschi, Urinary exosomes in the diagnosis of Gitelman and Bartter syndromes, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, vol.30, pp.621-630, 2015.

. Ekberg, Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.357, pp.2562-2575, 2007.

L. Kung, T. D. Batiuk, and S. Palomo-pinon, Tissue distribution of calcineurin and its sensitivity to inhibition by cyclosporine, Am. J. Transplant, vol.1, pp.325-333, 2001.

A. B. Brillantes, K. Ondrias, and A. Scott, Stabilization of calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) function by FK506-binding protein, Cell, vol.77, pp.513-523, 1994.

M. Naesens, D. Kuypers, and M. Sarwal, Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity, Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, pp.1-28, 2009.

M. R. Weir, E. D. Burgess, and J. E. Cooper, Assessment and management of hypertension in transplant patients, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.26, pp.1248-1260, 2015.

S. Park, E. Kang, and S. Park, Metabolic Acidosis and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.28, pp.1886-1897, 2017.

C. P. Larsen, J. Grinyó, and J. Medina-pestana, Belatacept-Based Regimens Versus a Cyclosporine A-Based Regimen in Kidney Transplant Recipients: 2-Year Results From the BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT Studies, Transplantation, vol.90, pp.1528-1535, 2010.

P. G. Messa, C. Alfieri, and S. Vettoretti, Metabolic acidosis in renal transplantation: neglected but of potential clinical relevance, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, vol.31, pp.730-736, 2016.

R. A. Lazelle, B. H. Mccully, and A. S. Terker, Renal Deletion of 12 kDa FK506-Binding Protein Attenuates Tacrolimus-Induced Hypertension, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.27, pp.1456-1464, 2016.

H. Mayan, G. Munter, and M. Shaharabany, Hypercalciuria in Familial Hyperkalemia and Hypertension Accompanies Hyperkalemia and Precedes Hypertension: Description of a Large Family with the Q565E WNK4 Mutation, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.89, pp.4025-4030, 2004.

J. Hadchouel, D. H. Ellison, and G. Gamba, Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Transport by WNK and SPAK-OSR1 Kinases, Annu. Rev. Physiol, vol.78, pp.367-389, 2016.

K. Ishizawa, Q. Wang, and J. Li, Calcineurin dephosphorylates Kelch-like 3, reversing phosphorylation by angiotensin II and regulating renal electrolyte handling, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci

S. A. , , vol.116, pp.3155-3160, 2019.

K. I. López-cayuqueo, M. Chavez-canales, and A. Pillot, A mouse model of pseudohypoaldosteronism type II reveals a novel mechanism of renal tubular acidosis, Kidney International, vol.94, pp.514-523, 2018.

T. Jacques, N. Picard, and R. L. Miller, Overexpression of pendrin in intercalated cells produces chloride-sensitive hypertension, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.24, pp.1104-1113, 2013.

A. Castagna, F. Pizzolo, and L. Chiecchi, Circadian exosomal expression of renal thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) and prostasin in healthy individuals, Proteomics Clin Appl, vol.9, pp.623-629, 2015.

T. Pisitkun, R. Shen, and M. A. Knepper, Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.101, pp.13368-13373, 2004.

O. Tutakhel, A. D. Moes, and M. A. Valdez-flores, NaCl cotransporter abundance in urinary vesicles is increased by calcineurin inhibitors and predicts thiazide sensitivity, Joles JA, vol.12, p.176220, 2017.

C. Slot, Plasma creatinine determination. A new and specific Jaffe reaction method. Scand, J. Clin. Lab. Invest, vol.17, pp.381-387, 1965.

, Metabolic acidosis in renal transplantation: neglected but of potential clinical relevance, vol.31, pp.730-736, 2016.

C. H. Lee and G. Kim, Electrolyte and Acid-base disturbances induced by calcineurin inhibitors, Electrolyte Blood Press, vol.5, pp.126-130, 2007.

C. Esteva-font, E. Guillén-gómez, and J. M. Diaz, Renal sodium transporters are increased in urinary exosomes of cyclosporine-treated kidney transplant patients, Am. J. Nephrol, vol.39, pp.528-535, 2014.

K. W. Witwer, E. I. Buzás, and L. T. Bemis, Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research, Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, vol.2, p.20360, 2013.

D. Eladari, R. Chambrey, and N. Picard, Electroneutral absorption of NaCl by the aldosteronesensitive distal nephron: implication for normal electrolytes homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, Cell. Mol. Life Sci, vol.71, pp.2879-2895, 2014.

L. Rojas-vega, A. R. Jiménez-vega, and S. Bazúa-valenti, Increased phosphorylation of the renal Na+-Cl-cotransporter in male kidney transplant recipient patients with hypertension: a prospective cohort, Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol, vol.309, pp.836-878, 2015.

D. Hirohama, N. Ayuzawa, and K. Ueda, Aldosterone Is Essential for Angiotensin II-Induced Upregulation of Pendrin, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.29, pp.57-68, 2018.

Y. Liu, T. M. Rafferty, and S. W. Rhee, CD8+ T cells stimulate Na-Cl co-transporter NCC in distal convoluted tubules leading to salt-sensitive hypertension, Nat Commun, vol.8, p.14037, 2017.

A. Maza, H. Montaudié, and E. Sbidian, Oral cyclosporin in psoriasis: a systematic review on treatment modalities, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol.25, pp.19-27, 2011.

A. D. Moes, D. A. Hesselink, and A. H. Van-den-meiracker, Chlorthalidone Versus Amlodipine for Hypertension in Kidney Transplant Recipients Treated With Tacrolimus: A Randomized Crossover Trial, Am. J. Kidney Dis, vol.69, pp.796-804, 2017.

G. Pathare, N. Dhayat, and N. Mohebbi, Acute regulated expression of pendrin in human urinary exosomes, Pflugers Arch, vol.470, pp.427-438, 2018.

T. Pisitkun, R. Shen, and M. A. Knepper, Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.101, pp.13368-13373, 2004.

P. Fernández-llama, S. Khositseth, and P. A. Gonzales, Tamm-Horsfall protein and urinary exosome isolation, Kidney International, vol.77, pp.736-742, 2010.

M. L. Merchant, I. M. Rood, and J. Deegens, Isolation and characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles: implications for biomarker discovery, Nature Publishing Group, vol.13, pp.731-749, 2017.

P. A. Gonzales, T. Pisitkun, and J. D. Hoffert, Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, vol.20, pp.363-379, 2009.

. Md-rar, Timed Urine Collections for Albumin and Protein: ``The King Is Dead, Long Live the King!, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol.2016, pp.1-3

M. Salih, R. Zietse, and E. J. Hoorn, Urinary extracellular vesicles and the kidney: biomarkers and beyond, Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol, vol.306, pp.1251-1260, 2014.

G. Pathare, O. Tutakhel, . Van-der-wel, and . Mc, Hydrochlorothiazide treatment increases the abundance of the NaCl cotransporter in urinary extracellular vesicles of essential hypertensive patients, Paillasse du laboratoire de recherche Image 6 : Incubation des membranes avec l'anticorps primaire, vol.312, pp.1063-1072, 2017.

, Au moment d'être admis(e) à exercer la médecine, je promets et je jure d'être fidèle aux lois de l'honneur et de la probité

, Mon premier souci sera de rétablir, de préserver ou de promouvoir la santé dans tous ses éléments, physiques et mentaux, individuels et sociaux

, Je respecterai toutes les personnes, leur autonomie et leur volonté, sans aucune discrimination selon leur état ou leurs convictions. J'interviendrai pour les protéger si elles sont affaiblies, vulnérables ou menacées dans leur intégrité ou leur dignité. Même sous la contrainte

, J'informerai les patients des décisions envisagées, de leurs raisons et de leurs

, Reçu(e) à l'intérieur des maisons, je respecterai les secrets des foyers et ma conduite ne servira pas à corrompre les moeurs

, Je ferai tout pour soulager les souffrances. Je ne prolongerai pas abusivement les agonies

, J'apporterai mon aide à mes confrères ainsi qu'à leurs familles dans l'adversité

, Que les hommes et mes confrères m'accordent leur estime si je suis fidèle à mes promesses