R. Lozano, M. Naghavi, K. Foreman, S. Lim, K. Shibuya et al., Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, Lancet Lond Engl. 15 déc, vol.380, issue.9859, pp.2095-128, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00827612

C. Murray, C. Atkinson, K. Bhalla, G. Birbeck, R. Burstein et al., The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors, JAMA. 14 août, vol.310, issue.6, pp.591-608, 2013.

P. Rhee, B. Joseph, V. Pandit, H. Aziz, G. Vercruysse et al., Increasing trauma deaths in the United States, Ann Surg. juill, vol.260, issue.1, pp.13-21, 2014.

E. J. Mackenzie, F. P. Rivara, G. J. Jurkovich, A. B. Nathens, K. P. Frey et al., A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality, N Engl J Med. 26 janv, vol.354, issue.4, pp.366-78, 2006.

M. Liberman, D. S. Mulder, A. Lavoie, and J. S. Sampalis, Implementation of a trauma care system: evolution through evaluation, J Trauma. juin, vol.56, issue.6, pp.1330-1335, 2004.

P. Bouzat, C. Broux, F. X. Ageron, F. Thony, C. Arvieux et al., Trauma network for severely injured patients, Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. août, vol.32, issue.7-8, pp.531-535, 2013.

S. P. Baker, B. O'neill, W. Haddon, and W. B. Long, The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care, J Trauma. mars, vol.14, issue.3, pp.187-96, 1974.

D. Sartorius, L. Manach, Y. David, J. Rancurel, E. Smail et al.,

, Mechanism, glasgow coma scale, age, and arterial pressure (MGAP): a new simple prehospital triage score to predict mortality in trauma patients, Crit Care Med. mars, vol.38, issue.3, pp.831-838, 2010.

J. David, E. Voiglio, E. Cesareo, O. Vassal, E. Decullier et al., Prehospital parameters can help to predict coagulopathy and massive transfusion in trauma patients, Vox Sang. 14 juin, 2017.

T. C. Nunez, I. V. Voskresensky, L. A. Dossett, R. Shinall, W. D. Dutton et al., Early prediction of massive transfusion in trauma: simple as ABC (assessment of blood consumption, J Trauma. févr, vol.66, issue.2, pp.346-52, 2009.

H. R. Champion, W. J. Sacco, W. S. Copes, D. S. Gann, T. A. Gennarelli et al., A revision of the Trauma Score, J Trauma. mai, vol.29, issue.5, pp.623-632, 1989.

C. G. Cayten, W. M. Stahl, N. Agarwal, and J. G. Murphy, Analyses of preventable deaths by mechanism of injury among 13,500 trauma admissions, Ann Surg, vol.214, issue.4, pp.510-520, 1991.

A. Sauaia, F. A. Moore, E. E. Moore, K. S. Moser, R. Brennan et al., Epidemiology of trauma deaths: a reassessment, J Trauma. févr, vol.38, issue.2, pp.185-93, 1995.

K. Brohi, J. Singh, M. Heron, and T. Coats, Acute traumatic coagulopathy, J Trauma. juin, vol.54, issue.6, pp.1127-1157, 2003.

M. Maegele, T. Paffrath, and B. Bouillon, Acute traumatic coagulopathy in severe injury: incidence, risk stratification, and treatment options, Dtsch Arzteblatt Int. déc, vol.108, issue.49, pp.827-862, 2011.

J. R. Hess, K. Brohi, R. P. Dutton, C. J. Hauser, J. B. Holcomb et al., The coagulopathy of trauma: a review of mechanisms, J Trauma, vol.65, issue.4, pp.748-54, 2008.

J. R. Hess and J. H. Lawson, The coagulopathy of trauma versus disseminated intravascular coagulation, J Trauma. juin, vol.60, issue.6, pp.12-19, 2006.

V. A. Eddy, J. A. Morris, D. C. Cullinane, and C. Hypothermia, Surg Clin North Am. juin, vol.80, issue.3, pp.845-54, 2000.

D. Fries, P. Innerhofer, and W. Schobersberger, Time for changing coagulation management in trauma-related massive bleeding, Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. avr, vol.22, issue.2, pp.267-74, 2009.

M. Maegele, R. Lefering, N. Yucel, T. Tjardes, D. Rixen et al., Early coagulopathy in multiple injury: an analysis from the German Trauma Registry on 8724 patients, Injury. mars, vol.38, issue.3, pp.298-304, 2007.

J. Macleod, M. Lynn, M. G. Mckenney, S. M. Cohn, and M. Murtha, Early coagulopathy predicts mortality in trauma, J Trauma. juill, vol.55, issue.1, pp.39-44, 2003.

B. Floccard, L. Rugeri, A. Faure, S. Denis, M. Boyle et al., Early coagulopathy in trauma patients: an on-scene and hospital admission study, Injury. janv, vol.43, issue.1, pp.26-32, 2012.

B. Sørensen, O. H. Larsen, C. J. Rea, M. Tang, J. H. Foley et al., Fibrinogen as a hemostatic agent, Semin Thromb Hemost. avr, vol.38, issue.3, pp.268-73, 2012.

T. Bombeli and D. R. Spahn, Updates in perioperative coagulation: physiology and management of thromboembolism and haemorrhage, Br J Anaesth. août, vol.93, issue.2, pp.275-87, 2004.

B. Furie and B. C. Furie, Mechanisms of thrombus formation, N Engl J Med. 28 août, vol.359, issue.9, pp.938-987, 2008.

S. T. Hiippala, G. J. Myllylä, and E. M. Vahtera, Hemostatic factors and replacement of major blood loss with plasma-poor red cell concentrates, Anesth Analg. août, vol.81, issue.2, pp.116-137, 1995.

J. R. Hess, A. L. Lindell, L. G. Stansbury, R. P. Dutton, and T. M. Scalea, The prevalence of abnormal results of conventional coagulation tests on admission to a trauma center, Transfusion (Paris). janv, vol.49, issue.1, pp.34-43, 2009.

J. S. Hagemo, S. Stanworth, N. P. Juffermans, K. Brohi, M. J. Cohen et al.,

, Prevalence, predictors and outcome of hypofibrinogenaemia in trauma: a multicentre observational study, Crit Care, vol.18, issue.2, p.52, 2014.

C. Rourke, N. Curry, S. Khan, R. Taylor, I. Raza et al., Fibrinogen levels during trauma hemorrhage, response to replacement therapy, and association with patient outcomes, J Thromb Haemost JTH. juill, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1342-51, 2012.

. British-committee-for-standards-in-haematology, D. Stainsby, S. Maclennan, D. Thomas, J. Isaac et al., Guidelines on the management of massive blood loss, Br J Haematol. déc, vol.135, issue.5, pp.634-675, 2006.

H. Schöchl, U. Nienaber, G. Hofer, W. Voelckel, C. Jambor et al., Goaldirected coagulation management of major trauma patients using thromboelastometry (ROTEM)-guided administration of fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate, Crit Care Lond Engl, vol.14, issue.2, p.55, 2010.

S. Toker, D. J. Hak, and S. J. Morgan, Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in trauma patients, Thrombosis, p.505373, 2011.

T. Paffrath, A. Wafaisade, R. Lefering, C. Simanski, B. Bouillon et al.,

, Venous thromboembolism after severe trauma: incidence, risk factors and outcome, Injury. janv, vol.41, issue.1, pp.97-101, 2010.

S. R. Shackford, J. W. Davis, P. Hollingsworth-fridlund, N. S. Brewer, D. B. Hoyt et al., Venous thromboembolism in patients with major trauma, Am J Surg. avr, vol.159, issue.4, pp.365-374, 1990.

A. Wafaisade, R. Lefering, M. Maegele, T. Brockamp, M. Mutschler et al., Administration of fibrinogen concentrate in exsanguinating trauma patients is associated with improved survival at 6 hours but not at discharge, J Trauma Acute Care Surg. févr, vol.74, issue.2, pp.387-383, 2013.

I. Roberts, H. Shakur, T. Coats, B. Hunt, E. Balogun et al., The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients, Health Technol Assess Winch Engl. mars, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1-79, 2013.

R. Rossaint, B. Bouillon, V. Cerny, T. J. Coats, J. Duranteau et al., Management of bleeding following major trauma: an updated European guideline, Crit Care Lond Engl, vol.14, issue.2, p.52, 2010.

N. M. Dunbar and W. L. Chandler, Thrombin generation in trauma patients, Transfusion (Paris). déc, vol.49, issue.12, pp.2652-60, 2009.

T. Ohmori, T. Kitamura, K. Tanaka, Y. Saisaka, J. Ishihara et al., Admission fibrinogen levels in severe trauma patients: A comparison of elderly and younger patients, Injury. sept, vol.46, issue.9, pp.1779-83, 2015.

Y. Kimura, S. Kimura, S. Sumita, and M. Yamakage, Predictors of hypofibrinogenemia in blunt trauma patients on admission, J Anesth. avr, vol.29, issue.2, pp.242-250, 2015.

R. L. Gruen, K. Brohi, M. Schreiber, Z. J. Balogh, V. Pitt et al., Haemorrhage control in severely injured patients, Lancet Lond Engl. 22 sept, vol.380, issue.9847, pp.1099-108, 2012.

L. Balleisen, J. Bailey, P. H. Epping, H. Schulte, and J. Van-de-loo, Epidemiological study on factor VII, factor VIII and fibrinogen in an industrial population: I. Baseline data on the relation to age, gender, body-weight, smoking, alcohol, pill-using, and menopause, Thromb Haemost. 30 août, vol.54, issue.2, pp.475-484, 1985.

S. Ishikawa, K. Kario, N. Nago, K. Kayaba, J. Hiraoka et al., Factor VII and fibrinogen levels examined by age, sex, and other atherosclerotic risk factors in a Japanese population, The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Thromb Haemost. mai, vol.77, issue.5, pp.890-893, 1997.

C. J. Schlimp, W. Voelckel, K. Inaba, M. Maegele, M. Ponschab et al., Estimation of plasma fibrinogen levels based on hemoglobin, base excess and Injury Severity Score upon emergency room admission, Crit Care Lond Engl. 12 juill, vol.17, issue.4, p.137, 2013.

J. B. Holcomb, C. E. Wade, J. E. Michalek, G. B. Chisholm, L. A. Zarzabal et al., Increased plasma and platelet to red blood cell ratios improves outcome in 466 massively transfused civilian trauma patients, Ann Surg. sept, vol.248, issue.3, pp.447-58, 2008.

R. Rossaint, B. Bouillon, V. Cerny, T. J. Coats, J. Duranteau et al.,

A. Olaussen, T. Blackburn, B. Mitra, and M. Fitzgerald, Review article: shock index for prediction of critical bleeding post-trauma: a systematic review, The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fourth edition. Crit Care, vol.20, pp.223-231, 2014.

M. J. Vandromme, R. L. Griffin, J. D. Kerby, G. Mcgwin, L. W. Rue et al., Identifying risk for massive transfusion in the relatively normotensive patient: utility of the prehospital shock index, J Trauma. févr, vol.70, issue.2, pp.384-388, 2011.

B. J. Eastridge, J. Salinas, J. G. Mcmanus, L. Blackburn, E. M. Bugler et al., Hypotension begins at 110 mm Hg: redefining « hypotension » with data, J Trauma. août, vol.63, issue.2, pp.291-297, 2007.

R. M. Hasler, E. Nüesch, P. Jüni, O. Bouamra, A. K. Exadaktylos et al., Systolic blood pressure below 110 mmHg is associated with increased mortality in penetrating major trauma patients: Multicentre cohort study, Resuscitation. avr, vol.83, issue.4, pp.476-81, 2012.

B. Bruns, L. Gentilello, A. Elliott, and S. Shafi, Prehospital hypotension redefined, J Trauma. déc, vol.65, issue.6, pp.1217-1238, 2008.

J. K. Parks, A. C. Elliott, L. M. Gentilello, and S. Shafi, Systemic hypotension is a late marker of shock after trauma: a validation study of Advanced Trauma Life Support principles in a large national sample, Am J Surg. déc, vol.192, issue.6, pp.727-758, 2006.

W. Z. Martini and J. B. Holcomb, Acidosis and coagulopathy: the differential effects on fibrinogen synthesis and breakdown in pigs, Ann Surg, vol.246, issue.5, pp.831-836, 2007.

W. Z. Martini, The effects of hypothermia on fibrinogen metabolism and coagulation function in swine, Metabolism. févr, vol.56, issue.2, pp.214-235, 2007.

A. Harrois, S. R. Hamada, and J. Duranteau, Fluid resuscitation and vasopressors in severe trauma patients, Curr Opin Crit Care. déc, vol.20, issue.6, pp.632-639, 2014.

D. A. Hampton, L. J. Fabricant, J. Differding, B. Diggs, S. Underwood et al., Prehospital intravenous fluid is associated with increased survival in trauma patients, J Trauma Acute Care Surg. juill, vol.75, issue.1, pp.9-15, 2013.