, Consommation alcool ** Jamais, vol.80, p.39

, ) 3 : nombre de jours par semaine cumulé où la personne a réalisé un épisode de cinq minutes ou plus d'activité physique modéré et vigoureux pour chacune des activités présentées ** : dans le mois précédent l'enquête Références 1. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. (page consultée le 30/05/2019). Recommandations mondiales en matière d'activité physique pour la santé

I. Janssen, K. Roberts, and W. Thompson, Respect par les Canadiens de 10 à 17 ans des Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures pour les enfants et les jeunes. Promot Santé Prév Mal Chron Au Can, vol.37, pp.413-433, 2017.

, Organisation mondiale de la Santé. (page consultée le 30/05/2019)

C. H. Kim, Measurements of Adiposity and Body Composition, Korean J Obes, vol.25, issue.3, pp.115-135, 2016.

, page consultée le 30/05/2019), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

B. Swinburn, G. Egger, and F. Raza, Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity, Prev Med, vol.29, issue.6, pp.563-70, 1999.

, Obesity and overweight, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

, Organisation mondiale de la Santé. (page consultée le 30/05/2019). Obésité et surpoids

G. The, Obesity Collaborators. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years, N Engl J Med, vol.377, issue.1, pp.13-27, 2015.

, Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants, Lancet, vol.387, pp.1377-1396, 2016.

S. Canada, Embonpoint et obésité selon lindice de masse corporelle mesuré, selon le groupe dâge et le sexe, 2019.

L. Abarca-gómez, Z. A. Abdeen, Z. A. Hamid, N. M. Abu-rmeileh, B. Acosta-cazares et al., Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults, Lancet, vol.390, pp.2627-2669, 2017.

C. Bancej, B. Jayabalasingham, R. W. Wall, D. P. Rao, M. T. Do et al., Trends and projections of obesity among Canadians. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, vol.35, pp.109-121, 2015.

S. Canada, Indice de masse corporelle (IMC) mesuré chez les enfants et les jeunes (classification selon lOrganisation mondiale de la santé), selon le groupe dâge et le sexe, Canada et provinces, Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes -Nutrition

, Obésité au Canada: rapport conjoint de l'Agence de la santé publique du Canada et de l'Institut canadien d'information sur la santé. Ottawa: Agence de la santé publique du Canada, 2011.

D. Wormser, S. Kaptoge, D. Angelantonio, E. Wood, A. M. Pennells et al., Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies, Lancet, vol.377, issue.9771, pp.1085-95, 2011.

D. P. Guh, W. Zhang, N. Bansback, Z. Amarsi, C. L. Birmingham et al., The incidence of comorbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis, vol.9, p.88, 2009.

G. A. Bray, Medical Consequences of Obesity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.89, issue.6, pp.2583-2592, 2004.

F. S. Luppino, L. M. De-wit, P. F. Bouvy, T. Stijnen, P. Cuijpers et al., Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.67, issue.3, pp.220-229, 2010.

L. J. Griffiths, T. J. Parsons, and A. J. Hill, Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review, Int J Pediatr Obes, vol.5, issue.4, pp.282-304, 2010.

R. M. Puhl and C. A. Heuer, The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update, Obesity, vol.17, issue.5, pp.941-64, 2009.

D. Angelantonio, E. Bhupathiraju, S. Wormser, D. Gao, P. Kaptoge et al., Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents, Lancet, vol.388, pp.776-86, 10046.

K. M. Flegal, B. K. Kit, H. Orpana, and B. I. Graubard, Association of All-Cause Mortality With Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories, JAMA, vol.309, issue.1, pp.71-82, 2013.

, Organisation mondiale de la Santé. (page consultée le 30/05/2019). 10 faits sur l'obésité

W. H. Dietz, Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease, Pediatrics, vol.101, issue.3, pp.518-543, 1998.

W. H. Dietz, Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.59, issue.5, pp.955-964, 1994.

K. K. Mcclanahan, M. B. Huff, and H. A. Omar, Overweight Children and Adolescents: Impact on Psychological and Social Development, p.13

K. Y. Loke, Consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol.11, pp.702-706, 2003.

S. R. Daniels, Complications of obesity in children and adolescents, Int J Obes, vol.33, issue.1, pp.60-65, 2005.

W. H. Dietz, Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality, J Nutr, vol.128, issue.2, pp.411-414, 1998.

S. S. Sun, R. Liang, T. Huang, S. R. Daniels, S. Arslanian et al., Childhood obesity predicts adult metabolic syndrome: the Fels Longitudinal Study, J Pediatr, vol.152, issue.2, pp.191-200, 2008.

M. Simmonds, A. Llewellyn, C. G. Owen, and N. Woolacott, Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, vol.17, issue.2, pp.95-107, 2016.

U. Bronfenbrenner, The Ecology of Human Development Experiments by Nature and Design, vol.348, 1979.

B. Butland, S. Jebb, P. Kopelman, K. Mcpherson, S. Thomas et al., Tackling obesities : Future choices -Project report, 2007.

R. R. Pate, J. R. O'neill, A. D. Liese, K. F. Janz, E. M. Granberg et al., Factors associated with development of excessive fatness in children and adolescents: a review of prospective studies, Obes Rev, vol.14, issue.8, pp.645-58, 2013.

D. Spruijt-metz and . Etiology, Treatment and Prevention of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Decade in Review, J Res Adolesc, vol.21, issue.1, pp.129-52, 2011.

R. C. Whitaker, J. A. Wright, M. S. Pepe, K. D. Seidel, and W. H. Dietz, Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity, N Engl J Med, vol.337, issue.13, pp.869-73, 1997.

A. Ochoa and J. M. Berge, Home Environmental Influences on Childhood Obesity in the Latino Population: A Decade Review of Literature, J Immigr Minor Health, vol.19, issue.2, pp.430-477, 2017.

, Quelles sont les causes du surpoids et de l'obésité chez les jeunes ?

S. Canada, La population rurale du Canada depuis 1851, 2019.

A. V. Diez-roux and C. Mair, Neighborhoods and health, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.1186, pp.125-170, 2010.

J. Corburn, Urban Place and Health Equity: Critical Issues and Practices, Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol.14, issue.2, p.117, 2017.

H. Christian, S. R. Zubrick, S. Foster, B. Giles-corti, F. Bull et al., The influence of the neighborhood physical environment on early child health and development: A review and call for research. Health Place, vol.33, pp.25-36, 2015.

R. J. Sampson, J. D. Morenoff, T. Gannon-rowley, and . Assessing, Neighborhood Effects": Social Processes and New Directions in Research, Annu Rev Sociol, vol.28, issue.1, pp.443-78, 2002.

K. E. Pickett and M. Pearl, Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review, J Epidemiol Community Health, vol.55, issue.2, pp.111-133, 2001.

C. Cubbin, P. Braveman, S. Egerter, and V. Pedregon, Where We Live Matters for Our Health: Neighborhoods and Health. US: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2008.

J. D. Morenoff, Neighborhood mechanisms and the spatial dynamics of birth weight, AJS, vol.108, issue.5, pp.976-1017, 2003.

M. Gascon, M. Vrijheid, and M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen, The Built Environment and Child Health: An Overview of Current Evidence, Curr Environ Health Rep, vol.3, issue.3, pp.250-257, 2016.

M. Chandrabose, J. N. Rachele, L. Gunn, A. Kavanagh, N. Owen et al., Built environment and cardio-metabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, Obes Rev, vol.20, issue.1, pp.41-54, 2019.

M. Schulz, M. Romppel, and G. Grande, Built environment and health: a systematic review of studies in Germany, J Public Health Oxf, vol.40, issue.1, pp.8-15, 2018.

R. An, J. Shen, Q. Yang, and Y. Yang, Impact of built environment on physical activity and obesity among children and adolescents in China: A narrative systematic review, J Sport Health Sci, vol.8, issue.2, pp.153-169, 2019.

D. Ding, J. F. Sallis, J. Kerr, S. Lee, and D. E. Rosenberg, Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Among Youth, Am J Prev Med, vol.41, issue.4, pp.442-55, 2011.

J. F. Sallis, T. L. Conway, K. L. Cain, J. A. Carlson, L. D. Frank et al., Neighborhood built environment and socioeconomic status in relation to physical activity, sedentary behavior, and weight status of adolescents, Prev Med, vol.110, pp.47-54, 2018.

S. Vida, Les espaces verts urbains et la santé. Montréal, 2011.

R. An, Y. Yang, A. Hoschke, H. Xue, and Y. Wang, Influence of neighbourhood safety on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, Obes Rev, vol.18, issue.11, pp.1289-309, 2017.

M. P. Chaparro, A. Bilfield, and K. P. Theall, Exposure to Neighborhood Crime Is Associated with Lower Levels of Physical Activity and Higher Obesity Risk among Adolescent Girls, but Not Boys. Child Obes Print, vol.15, pp.87-92, 2019.

E. N. Corrêa, B. Schmitz, and F. Vasconcelos, Aspects of the built environment associated with obesity in children and adolescents: A narrative review, Rev Nutr, vol.28, issue.3, pp.327-367, 2015.

N. I. Larson, M. T. Story, and M. C. Nelson, Neighborhood environments: disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S, Am J Prev Med, vol.36, issue.1, pp.74-81, 2009.

C. Gilstad-hayden, K. Rosenthal, L. Peters, S. M. Mccaslin, C. Joyce et al., Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments, Soc Sci Med, 2013.

G. S. Lovasi, M. A. Hutson, M. Guerra, and K. M. Neckerman, Built environments and obesity in disadvantaged populations, Epidemiol Rev, vol.31, pp.7-20, 2009.

Y. Kim, C. Cubbin, and S. Oh, A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity-related behaviours, Obes Rev, vol.20, issue.3, pp.420-451, 2019.

A. M. Burdette and B. L. Needham, Neighborhood environment and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood, J Adolesc Health, vol.50, issue.1, pp.30-37, 2012.

C. Nau, B. S. Schwartz, K. Bandeen-roche, A. Liu, J. Pollak et al., Community socioeconomic deprivation and obesity trajectories in children using electronic health records. Obes (Silver Spring), vol.23, pp.207-219, 2015.

S. E. Alvarado, Neighborhood disadvantage and obesity across childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the NLSY children and young adults cohort (1986-2010), Soc Sci Res, vol.57, pp.80-98, 2016.

C. M. Crespi, M. C. Wang, E. Seto, R. Mare, and G. Gee, Associations of family and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics with longitudinal adiposity patterns in a biracial cohort of adolescent girls, Biodemography Soc Biol, vol.61, issue.1, pp.81-97, 2015.

M. Pereira, H. Nogueira, and C. Padez, Association between childhood obesity and environmental characteristics: Testing a multidimensional environment index using census data, Appl Geogr, vol.92, pp.104-115, 2018.

L. N. Borrell, L. Graham, and S. P. Joseph, Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents. Ethn Dis, vol.26, pp.469-76, 2016.

G. S. Lovasi, O. Schwartz-soicher, J. W. Quinn, D. K. Berger, K. M. Neckerman et al., Neighborhood safety and green space as predictors of obesity among preschool children from low-income families in New York City, Prev Med, vol.57, issue.3, pp.189-93, 2013.

S. C. Schmidt, E. Sleddens, S. I. De-vries, J. Gubbels, and C. Thijs, Longitudinal association of neighborhood variables with Body Mass Index in Dutch school-age children: The KOALA Birth Cohort Study, Soc Sci Med, vol.135, pp.99-108, 1982.

J. A. Vaccaro, G. G. Zarini, and F. G. Huffman, Parental Perceptions of Child's Medical Care and Neighborhood and Child's Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity in U.S. Children by Body Mass Index Classification, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2019.

A. E. Ghenadenik, L. Kakinami, A. Van-hulst, M. Henderson, and T. A. Barnett, Neighbourhoods and obesity: A prospective study of characteristics of the built environment and their association with adiposity outcomes in children in Montreal, Canada, Prev Med, vol.111, pp.35-40, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01855943

D. T. Duncan, M. Sharifi, S. J. Melly, R. Marshall, T. D. Sequist et al., Characteristics of walkable built environments and BMI z-scores in children: evidence from a large electronic health record database. Environ Health Perspect, vol.122, pp.1359-65, 2014.

L. Niu, L. T. Hoyt, and M. C. Pachucki, Context Matters: Adolescent Neighborhood and School Influences on Young Adult Body Mass Index, J Adolesc Health, vol.64, issue.3, pp.405-415, 2019.

J. Wolch, M. Jerrett, K. Reynolds, R. Mcconnell, R. Chang et al., Childhood obesity and proximity to urban parks and recreational resources: a longitudinal cohort study. Health Place, vol.17, pp.207-221, 2011.

S. H. Wong, W. Y. Huang, E. Cerin, Y. Gao, P. C. Lai et al., Home and neighbourhood environment: association with children's physical activity and obesity-related dietary behaviour

, Hong Kong Med J, vol.22, issue.6, pp.43-50, 2016.

J. D. Mackenbach, H. Rutter, S. Compernolle, K. Glonti, J. Oppert et al., Obesogenic environments: a systematic review of the association between the physical environment and adult weight status, the SPOTLIGHT project, vol.14, p.233, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00971596

J. Feng, T. A. Glass, F. C. Curriero, W. F. Stewart, and B. S. Schwartz, The built environment and obesity: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Health Place, vol.16, pp.175-90, 2010.

A. Van-hulst, L. Gauvin, Y. Kestens, and T. A. Barnett, Neighborhood built and social environment characteristics: a multilevel analysis of associations with obesity among children and their parents, Int J Obes, vol.37, issue.10, pp.1328-1363, 2013.

Y. Yang, Y. Jiang, Y. Xu, F. Mzayek, and M. Levy, A cross-sectional study of the influence of neighborhood environment on childhood overweight and obesity: Variation by age, gender, and environment characteristics, Prev Med, vol.108, pp.23-31, 2018.

D. Zeng, M. R. Thomsen, R. Jr, and H. L. Rouse, Neighbourhood convenience stores and childhood weight outcomes: an instrumental variable approach, Appl Econ, vol.51, issue.3, pp.288-302, 2019.

G. Findling, M. T. Wolfson, J. A. Rimm, E. B. Bleich, and S. N. , Differences in the Neighborhood Retail Food Environment and Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents by SNAP Participation. Obes (Silver Spring), vol.26, pp.1063-71, 2018.

M. A. Green, D. Radley, N. Lomax, M. A. Morris, and C. Griffiths, Is adolescent body mass index and waist circumference associated with the food environments surrounding schools and homes? A longitudinal analysis, BMC Public Health, vol.18, issue.1, p.482, 201802.

T. Hamano, X. Li, J. Sundquist, and K. Sundquist, Association between Childhood Obesity and Neighbourhood Accessibility to Fast-Food Outlets: A Nationwide 6-Year Follow-Up Study of 944,487 Children, Obes Facts, vol.10, issue.6, pp.559-68, 2017.

H. Chen and Y. Wang, Changes in the neighborhood food store environment and children's body mass index at peri-puberty in the United States, J Adolesc Health, vol.58, issue.1, pp.111-119, 2016.

H. Le, R. Engler-stringer, and N. Muhajarine, Walkable home neighbourhood food environment and children's overweight and obesity: Proximity, density or price? Can J Public Health, vol.107, p.5347, 201609.

M. R. Thomsen, R. M. Nayga, P. A. Alviola, and H. L. Rouse, The Effect of Food Deserts on the Body Mass Index of Elementary Schoolchildren, Am J Agric Econ, vol.98, issue.1, pp.1-18, 2016.

L. K. Cobb, L. J. Appel, M. Franco, J. C. Jones-smith, A. Nur et al., The relationship of the local food environment with obesity: A systematic review of methods, study quality, and results, Obesity, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1331-1375, 2015.

L. Fiechtner, M. Sharifi, T. Sequist, J. Block, D. T. Duncan et al., Food environments and childhood weight status: effects of neighborhood median income, Child Obes Print, vol.11, issue.3, pp.260-268, 2015.

C. Griffiths, A. Frearson, A. Taylor, D. Radley, and C. Cooke, A cross sectional study investigating the association between exposure to food outlets and childhood obesity in Leeds, UK. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, vol.11, p.138, 2014.

H. Lee, The role of local food availability in explaining obesity risk among young school-aged children, Soc Sci Med, vol.74, issue.8, pp.1193-203, 1982.

J. A. Wasserman, R. Suminski, J. Xi, C. Mayfield, A. Glaros et al., A multi-level analysis showing associations between school neighborhood and child body mass index, Int J Obes, vol.38, issue.7, pp.912-920, 2014.

N. N. Showell, J. M. Jennings, K. A. Johnson, J. Perin, and R. Thornton, Where Children Live: Examining Whether Neighborhood Crime and Poverty Is Associated With Overweight and Obesity Among Low-Income Preschool-Aged Primary Care Patients, Front Pediatr, vol.6, p.433, 2018.

R. Casey, J. Oppert, C. Weber, H. Charreire, P. Salze et al., Determinants of childhood obesity: What can we learn from built environment studies? Food Qual Prefer, 2014.

M. Pereira, H. Nogueira, and C. Padez, The role of urban design in childhood obesity: A case study in Lisbon, Portugal, Am J Hum Biol, vol.31, issue.3, p.23220, 2019.

G. J. Norman, M. A. Adams, J. Kerr, S. Ryan, L. D. Frank et al., A latent profile analysis of neighborhood recreation environments in relation to adolescent physical activity, sedentary time, and obesity, J Public Health Manag Pract, vol.16, issue.5, pp.411-420, 2010.

M. A. Adams, J. F. Sallis, J. Kerr, T. L. Conway, B. E. Saelens et al., Neighborhood environment profiles related to physical activity and weight status: A latent profile analysis, Prev Med, vol.52, issue.5, pp.326-357, 2011.

M. C. Nelson, P. Gordon-larsen, Y. Song, and B. M. Popkin, Built and social environments associations with adolescent overweight and activity, Am J Prev Med, vol.31, issue.2, pp.109-126, 2006.

P. W. Jansen, F. K. Mensah, J. M. Nicholson, and M. Wake, Family and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in childhood trajectories of BMI and overweight: longitudinal study of Australian children, PloS One, vol.8, issue.7, p.69676, 2013.

M. A. Carter, L. Dubois, M. S. Tremblay, M. Taljaard, and B. L. Jones, Trajectories of Childhood Weight Gain: The Relative Importance of Local Environment versus Individual Social and Early Life Factors, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.10, p.47065, 2012.

E. Ruel, E. N. Reither, S. A. Robert, and P. M. Lantz, Neighborhood effects on BMI trends: examining BMI trajectories for Black and White women. Health Place, vol.16, pp.191-199, 2010.

M. Stafford, E. J. Brunner, J. Head, and N. A. Ross, Deprivation and the development of obesity a multilevel, longitudinal study in England, Am J Prev Med, vol.39, issue.2, pp.130-139, 2010.

L. N. Oliver and M. V. Hayes, Effects of neighbourhood income on reported body mass index: an eight year longitudinal study of Canadian children, vol.8, p.16, 2008.

T. M. Powell-wiley, K. Moore, N. Allen, R. Block, K. R. Evenson et al., Associations of Neighborhood Crime and Safety and With Changes in Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Am J Epidemiol, vol.186, issue.3, pp.280-288, 2017.

S. Assari, M. Lankarani, M. Caldwell, C. H. Zimmerman, and M. A. , Fear of Neighborhood Violence During Adolescence Predicts Development of Obesity a Decade Later: Gender Differences Among African Americans, Arch Trauma Res, vol.5, issue.2, p.31475, 2016.

R. Cecil-karb and A. Grogan-kaylor, Childhood body mass index in community context: neighborhood safety, television viewing, and growth trajectories of BMI, Health Soc Work, 2009.

R. A. Wasfi, K. Dasgupta, H. Orpana, and N. A. Ross, Neighborhood Walkability and Body Mass Index Trajectories: Longitudinal Study of Canadians, Am J Public Health, vol.106, issue.5, pp.934-974, 2016.

K. A. Johnson, N. N. Showell, S. Flessa, M. Janssen, N. Reid et al., Do Neighborhoods Matter? A Systematic Review of Modifiable Risk Factors for Obesity among Low Socio-Economic Status Black and Hispanic Children, Child Obes Print, vol.15, issue.2, pp.71-86, 2019.

J. O'loughlin, E. N. Dugas, J. Brunet, J. Difranza, J. C. Engert et al., Cohort Profile: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) Study, Int J Epidemiol, vol.44, issue.5, pp.1537-1583, 2015.

, Defining Childhood Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Y. Wang and H. Chen, Handbook of Anthropometry: Physical Measures of Human Form in Health and Disease, pp.29-48, 2012.

D. T. Duncan, I. Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, J. Aldstadt, S. J. Melly et al., Examination of how neighborhood definition influences measurements of youths' access to tobacco retailers: a methodological note on spatial misclassification, Am J Epidemiol, vol.179, issue.3, pp.373-81, 2014.

, ArcGIS Desktop. (page consultée le 30/05/2019). Fonction NDVI

M. Koning, T. Hoekstra, J. E. De, T. Visscher, J. C. Seidell et al., Identifying developmental trajectories of body mass index in childhood using latent class growth (mixture) modelling: associations with dietary, sedentary and physical activity behaviors: a longitudinal study, BMC Public Health, vol.16, issue.1, p.1128, 201628.

, Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies, WHO Expert Consultation, vol.363, pp.157-63, 2004.

I. R. White, P. Royston, and A. M. Wood, Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice, Stat Med, vol.30, issue.4, pp.377-99, 2011.

R. Thiébaut and S. Walker, When it is better to estimate a slope with only one point, QJM Int J Med, vol.101, issue.10, pp.821-825, 2008.

T. R. Sullivan, A. B. Salter, P. Ryan, and K. J. Lee, Bias and Precision of the "Multiple Imputation, Then Deletion" Method for Dealing With Missing Outcome Data, Am J Epidemiol, vol.182, issue.6, pp.528-562, 2015.

L. Kowaleski-jones and M. Wen, Community and child energy balance: differential associations between neighborhood environment and overweight risk by gender, Int J Environ Health Res, vol.23, issue.5, pp.434-479, 2013.

D. Hedeker, G. Robert, and D. , Mixed Regression Models with Autocorrelated Errors, Longitudinal Data Analysis, pp.113-142, 2006.

Y. Kim, C. Cubbin, and S. Oh, A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity-related behaviours, Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes, vol.20, issue.3, pp.420-451, 2019.

P. W. Jansen, F. K. Mensah, J. M. Nicholson, and M. Wake, Family and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in childhood trajectories of BMI and overweight: longitudinal study of Australian children, PloS One, vol.8, issue.7, p.69676, 2013.

C. M. -crespi, M. C. Wang, E. Seto, R. Mare, and G. Gee, Associations of family and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics with longitudinal adiposity patterns in a biracial cohort of adolescent girls, Biodemography Soc Biol, vol.61, issue.1, pp.81-97, 2015.

-. Expert, 1) 19 (16,0) Autres 4 (2,9) 4 (3,4) 16 (15,2) 17 (12,0) 8 (9,1) 9 (7,6) Pays de naissance Canada 134 (97,1) 110 (94,0) 93 (88,6) 127 (89,4) 81 (92,0) 117 (98,3) Autre 4 (2,9) 7 (6,0) 12 (11,4) 15 (10,6) 7 (8,0) 2 (1,7) Famille monoparentale Non 120, Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies, vol.363, p.89, 2004.

, * : moyenne sur la première année de suivi du temps d'activité physique modéré et vigoureux (recueillis lors des 4 premiers cycles), médiane, pp.1-3

*. ,