, Malgré un profil de glycosylation apparemment médiocre (344), les parasites des paludismes murin (P. berghei, P. yoelii) et humain (P. falciparum) présentent des glycanes ?-Gal à la surface des sporozoïtes (324)(345) ainsi qu'au stade érythrocytaire de l'infection (324)(346)(347)(348)
, Pourtant, aucun gène orthologue ?1,3GT n'a encore été identifié chez Plasmodium spp
, Des niveaux résiduels d'?-Gal ont été détectés dans les glandes salivaires de moustiques non infectés, p.3
, origine des glycanes ?-Gal détectés dans les sporozoïtes de Plasmodium spp
, Ces derniers comprenennent des membres Gram (-) de Klebsiella, Serratia, et E. coli ainsi que des Gram (+) telles que Lactobacillus casei (345). L'expression d'?-Gal par ces entérobactéries est associée aux glycoprotéines de la capsule et de la paroi cellulaire, Contrairement aux humains, les souris de type sauvage possèdent un gène GGTA1 fonctionnel et expriment l'?-Gal à la surface de leurs cellules, inhibant le développement de l'immunité anti-?-Gal (351)
, La colonisation de l'intestin par le pathobionte humain Escherichia coli O86:B7 exprimant des taux élevés d'?-Gal (357) résume l'étiologie de la production d'AC anti-?-Gal chez la souris (358) et chez les primates (359), ainsi que la production d'AC dirigés contre le glycane du groupe sanguin B apparenté à ?-Gal
, Cela suggère que la colonisation de l'intestin par E. coli O86:B7 pourrait être particulièrement utile pour déclencher la production d'AC spécifiques de l'?-Gal, contribuant probablement aux titres élevés de ces AC circulants chez l'adulte en bonne santé (345)
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