C. Stapf, H. Mast, R. R. Sciacca, A. Berenstein, P. K. Nelson et al., The New York Islands AVM Study: Design, Study Progress, and Initial Results, Stroke, vol.34, pp.29-33, 2003.

S. L. Ondra, H. Troupp, E. D. George, and K. Schwab, The natural history of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a 24-year follow-up assessment, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.73, pp.387-391, 1990.

R. Al-shahi, J. J. Bhattacharya, D. G. Currie, V. Papanastassiou, V. Ritchie et al., Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS): Evaluation of Methods, ICD-10 Coding, and Potential Sources of Bias in a Prospective, Population-Based Cohort. Stroke, vol.34, pp.1156-1162, 2003.

C. J. Graf, G. E. Perret, and J. C. Torner, Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.58, pp.331-337, 1983.

A. X. Halim, S. C. Johnston, V. Singh, C. E. Mcculloch, J. P. Bennett et al., Longitudinal Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Arteriovenous Malformation of the Brain Within a Defined Population, Stroke, vol.35, pp.1697-1702, 2004.

B. A. Gross and R. Du, Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a metaanalysis: Clinical article, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.118, pp.437-443, 2013.

J. P. Mohr, M. K. Parides, C. Stapf, E. Moquete, C. S. Moy et al., Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial, The Lancet, vol.383, pp.614-621, 2014.

K. Fukuda, M. Majumdar, H. Masoud, T. Nguyen, A. Honarmand et al., Multicenter assessment of morbidity associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemorrhages, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, vol.9, pp.664-668, 2017.

E. Shotar, M. Debarre, N. Sourour, D. Maria, F. Gabrieli et al., Retrospective study of long-term outcome after brain arteriovenous malformation rupture: the RAP score, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.128, pp.78-85, 2018.

B. W. Moore, A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.19, pp.739-744, 1965.

J. Beaudeux, L. Dequen, and M. Foglietti,

, Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris), vol.57, pp.261-272, 1999.

S. Laribi, J. Kansao, D. Borderie, C. Collet, P. Deschamps et al., S100B blood level measurement to exclude cerebral lesions after minor head injury: the multicenter STIC-S100 French study. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol.52, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02477624

E. Mercier, A. Boutin, F. Lauzier, D. A. Fergusson, J. Simard et al., Predictive value of S-100 protein for prognosis in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, vol.346, pp.1757-1757, 2013.

V. Degos, C. C. Apfel, P. Sanchez, C. Colonne, I. Renuit et al., An Admission Bioclinical Score to Predict 1-Year Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Aneurysm Coiling, Stroke, vol.43, pp.1253-1259, 2012.

A. Raabe, O. Kopetsch, A. Woszczyk, J. Lang, R. Gerlach et al., S-100B protein as a serum marker of secondary neurological complications in neurocritical care patients, Neurological Research, vol.26, pp.440-445, 2004.

R. U. Kothari, T. Brott, J. P. Broderick, W. G. Barsan, L. R. Sauerbeck et al., The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes, Stroke, vol.27, pp.1304-1305, 1996.

. Spetzler-rf, A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations

J. Feriel, F. Adamo, D. Monneret, V. Trehel-tursis, S. Favard et al., S100B protein concentration measurement according to two different immunoassays, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol.53, 2015.

G. Stranjalis, S. Korfias, C. Psachoulia, A. Kouyialis, D. E. Sakas et al., The prognostic value of serum S-100B protein in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage, Acta Neurochirurgica, vol.149, pp.231-238, 2007.

J. H. Choi, H. Mast, R. R. Sciacca, A. Hartmann, A. V. Khaw et al., Clinical Outcome After First and Recurrent Hemorrhage in Patients With Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformation, Stroke, vol.37, pp.1243-1247, 2006.

A. Hartmann, H. Mast, J. P. Mohr, H. Koennecke, A. Osipov et al., Morbidity of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation, Stroke, vol.29, pp.931-934, 1998.

J. Van-beijnum, C. E. Lovelock, C. Cordonnier, P. M. Rothwell, C. Klijn et al., Outcome after spontaneous and arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based studies, Brain, vol.132, pp.537-543, 2008.

D. Fults and D. L. Kelly, Natural history of arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a clinical study, Neurosurgery, vol.15, pp.658-662, 1984.

H. T. Apsimon, H. Reef, R. V. Phadke, and E. A. Popovic, A Population-Based Study of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation: Long-Term Treatment Outcomes, Stroke, vol.33, pp.2794-2800, 2002.

R. D. Brown, D. O. Wiebers, G. Forbes, W. M. O'fallon, D. G. Piepgras et al., The natural history of unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.68, pp.352-357, 1988.

S. B. Murthy, A. E. Merkler, S. S. Omran, G. Gialdini, A. Gusdon et al., Outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations, Neurology, vol.88, pp.1882-1888, 2017.

X. Lv, J. Liu, X. Hu, and Y. Li, Patient Age, Hemorrhage Patterns, and Outcomes of Arteriovenous Malformation, World Neurosurgery, vol.84, pp.1039-1044, 2015.

J. C. Hemphill, D. C. Bonovich, L. Besmertis, G. T. Manley, S. C. Johnston et al., Reliable Grading Scale for Intracerebral Hemorrhage, p.7

G. Appelboom, B. Y. Hwang, S. S. Bruce, M. A. Piazza, C. P. Kellner et al., Predicting Outcome After Arteriovenous Malformation-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage with the, Original ICH Score. World Neurosurgery, vol.78, pp.646-650, 2012.

C. Cordonnier, R. Salman, J. J. Bhattacharya, C. E. Counsell, V. Papanastassiou et al., Differences between intracranial vascular malformation types in the characteristics of their presenting haemorrhages: prospective, population-based study, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.79, pp.47-51, 2008.

A. A. Abla, J. Nelson, W. C. Rutledge, W. L. Young, H. Kim et al., The natural history of AVM hemorrhage in the posterior fossa: comparison of hematoma volumes and neurological outcomes in patients with ruptured infra-and supratentorial AVMs, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.37, p.6, 2014.

B. A. Gross, R. Lai, P. M. Du, and R. , Hydrocephalus after arteriovenous malformation rupture, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.34, p.11, 2013.

B. Taylor, G. Appelboom, A. Yang, E. Bruce, M. Lopresti et al., Underlying effect of age on outcome differences in arteriovenous malformation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol.22, pp.526-529, 2015.

P. M. Kochanek, R. P. Berger, H. Bayr, A. K. Wagner, L. W. Jenkins et al., Biomarkers of primary and evolving damage in traumatic and ischemic brain injury: diagnosis, prognosis, probing mechanisms, and therapeutic decision making: Current Opinion in Critical Care, vol.14, pp.135-141, 2008.

A. Petzold, G. Keir, D. Lim, M. Smith, and E. J. Thompson, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum S100B: release and wash-out pattern, Brain Research Bulletin, vol.61, pp.281-285, 2003.

C. Gonçalves, C. Leite, M. Nardin, and P. , Biological and methodological features of the measurement of S100B, a putative marker of brain injury, Clinical Biochemistry, vol.41, pp.755-763, 2008.

P. Biberthaler, U. Linsenmeier, K. Pfeifer, M. Kroetz, T. Mussack et al., SERUM S-100B CONCENTRATION PROVIDES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOT THE INDICATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS AFTER MINOR HEAD INJURY: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY, vol.25, pp.446-453, 2006.

J. Unden and B. Romner, Can Low Serum Levels of S100B Predict Normal CT Findings After Minor Head Injury in Adults?: An Evidence-Based Review and Meta-Analysis, JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION, p.13, 2010.

K. Muller, W. Townend, N. Biasca, ?. Und, J. ?n et al., S100B Serum Level Predicts Computed Tomography Findings After Minor Head Injury: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.62, pp.1452-1456, 2007.

S. Korfias, G. Stranjalis, E. Boviatsis, C. Psachoulia, G. Jullien et al., Serum S-100B protein monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.33, pp.255-260, 2007.

K. Nylén, M. Öst, L. Z. Csajbok, I. Nilsson, C. Hall et al., Serum levels of S100B, S100A1B and S100BB are all related to outcome after severe traumatic brain injury, Acta Neurochirurgica, vol.150, pp.221-227, 2008.

J. C. Van-swieten, P. J. Koudstaal, M. C. Visser, H. Schouten, and J. Van-gijn, Interobserver Agreement for the Assessment of Handicap in Stroke Patients, p.5

B. Jennett, ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOME AFTER SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE A Practical Scale, The Lancet, vol.305, pp.480-484, 1975.

, Au moment d'être admis à exercer la médecine, en présence des maîtres de cette école etde mes condisciples, je promets et je jure d'être fidèle aux lois de l'honneur et de laprobité qui la régissent

, Mon premier souci sera, de rétablir, de préserver ou de promouvoir la santé dans tous leséléments physiques et mentaux, individuels collectifs et sociaux. Je respecterai toutes lespersonnes, leur autonomie et leur volonté, sans aucune discrimination selon leur état ouleurs convictions

, J'interviendrai pour les protéger si elles sont affaiblies, vulnérables ou menacées dansleur intégrité ou dignité

, Même sous la contrainte, je ne ferai usage de mes connaissances contre les lois del'humanité

, J'informerai les patients de décisions envisagées, de leurs raisons et de leursconséquences

, Je ne tromperai jamais leur confiance et n'exploiterai pas le pouvoir hérité descirconstances pour forcer leurs consciences

, Je donnerai mes soins à l'indigent et à quiconque me les demandera

, Je ne me laisserai influencer ni par la recherche du gain ni par la recherche de la gloire

, Reçu à l'intérieur des maisons, je respecterai les secrets des foyers. Et ma conduite ne servira pas à corrompre les moeurs

, Je préserverai l'indépendance nécessaire à l'accomplissement de ma mission. Que je sois modéré en tout, mais insatiable de mon amour de la science

, Je n'entreprendrai rien qui ne dépasse mes compétences ; je les entretiendrai et lesperfectionnerai pour assurer au mieux les services qui me seront demandés

, J'apporterai mon aide à mes confrères ainsi qu'à leurs familles dans l'adversité

, Que les hommes et mes confrères m'accordent leur estime si je suis fidèle à mespromesses, Que je sois déshonoré et méprisé si j'y manque