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, Annexe 2. Détail des facteurs de risque d'hémopathies malignes ? Facteurs familiaux / génétiques

, Des agrégations familiales ont été observées pour les hémopathies lymphoïdes, en particulier les LLC et les lymphomes

, Également, certaines pathologies génétiques ont été identifiées comme facteurs de risque d'HM, vol.6

. -le-déficit-de-p53, . Li, and . Fraumeni,

L. Déficits and I. ,

. L'ataxie-télangiectasie, , vol.8

, La cyclosporine et l'azathioprine, des médicaments immunosuppresseurs, ont été classés comme cancérogènes certains pour l'homme par le CIRC

. Facteurs,

, Le rôle du VIH a été traité dans la partie précédente sur l'immunodépression

, 135) et de LH (136-138). Le paludisme semble être un cofacteur pour les lymphomes de, Burkitt en Afrique, vol.134, issue.6

, La bactérie Helicobacter pylori, responsable de gastrite chronique, est reconnue comme un facteur de risque de lymphome associé aux muqueuses

, L'infection par le VHC est reconnue comme un facteur de risque de LNH, pp.141-143

, ? Facteurs environnementaux ? Rayonnements ionisants (RI)

, Ils sont utilisés dans le secteur médical (radiothérapie, médecine nucléaire, radiodiagnostic), ainsi que dans des industries

, Au sein de la cohorte des survivants d'Hiroshima et Nagasaki, une association positive entre cette exposition externe aux RI

, de LNH et de MM a été mise en évidence, avec un risque plus élevé et un délai de latence plus court en cas d'exposition durant l'enfance, pp.146-149

, Chez les patients exposés aux RI pour des raisons médicales de façon externe (radiodiagnostic, radiothérapie) et/ou interne (médecine nucléaire), une association positive avec le risque de leucémie a été observée (150,151), ainsi que chez les enfants exposés in utero, vol.152

, Chez les professionnels, une association positive avec le risque de leucémie et de MM a été reporté dans une cohorte rétrospective de travailleurs dans l'industrie nucléaire de 15 pays (154)

L. , (. Lal, . Lam, and . Lmc, mais pas LLC) consécutives à une exposition professionnelle aux RI sont reconnues comme des maladies professionnelles en France

, La majorité des études à ce sujet ont montré une relation dose-effet entre les RI et le risque de leucémie

, ? Rayonnements non ionisants: champs électromagnétiques extrêmement basse fréquence

C. Les, EBF sont générés à proximité des caténaires, transformateurs et appareils électriques dans lesquels passe du courant électrique alternatif

, Il n'existe pas d'argument expérimental en faveur de la cancérogénicité directe de ces champs, qui, contrairement aux radiations ionisantes, n'induisent pas de lésions du génome

, Chez les enfants résidant à proximité d'émissions de CEM-EBF, une association positive avec le risque de leucémie a été reportée par deux méta-analyses (156,157)

?. Benzène, comme diluant des encres, peintures et colles, ou encore comme dégraissant dans les secteurs de l'industrie de la chaussure, de l'industrie chimique, de l'industrie du caoutchouc et de l'imprimerie (6). La population générale est également exposée via l'essence, les gaz d'échappement, trichloroéthylène et autres solvants organiques -Le benzène était utilisé dans de nombreuses synthèses chimiques

, Chez les professionnels, une association positive avec le risque de LAM a été clairement établie (160)

, Les leucémies (tous types) et les SMP consécutifs à une exposition professionnelle au benzène sont reconnus comme des maladies professionnelles en France

, Chez les enfants résidant à proximité de gros axes routiers, une augmentation du risque de leucémie a été reportée par plusieurs études

. -le-trichloroéthylène, industrie de l'automobile, la production d'adhésif, le nettoyage des composants électroniques, les laboratoires comme réactif/solvant, l'industrie pétrolière et l'industrie de décapants à peinture, enduits et résines de vinyle. Par le passé, il était également utilisé pour extraire les graisses et les huiles naturelles des produits alimentaires, comme solvant dans l'industrie du nettoyage à sec

, Chez les professionnels, des associations positives avec le risque de LNH ont été reportées, vol.162

, -En ce qui concerne les autres solvants organiques, leur rôle dans l'incidence des HM est fortement suspecté mais les résultats des études sont hétérogènes, vol.77

. Chimiothérapies,

, Certaines chimiothérapies anticancéreuses appartenant aux groupes des alkylants et des inhibiteurs des topo-II-isomérases (Tableau 1) ont été décrites à de nombreuses reprises comme facteurs de risque de LAM et de SMD 10 à 15 ans après l'exposition

?. Tabagisme,

. Le, . De-risque-de-lam, and . Lmc,

, Chez les enfants, plusieurs études ont montré une association entre le risque de leucémie (et de lymphome) et le tabagisme paternel avant la conception, ainsi que le tabagisme des deux parents pendant l'enfance (mais pas le tabagisme maternel pendant la grossesse

, Les pesticides sont largement utilisés chez les professionnels du secteur de l'agriculture, mais également dans d'autres branches de métiers, ainsi que par les particuliers à leur domicile

, Même si certains pesticides ont spécifiquement été identifiées par le CIRC comme cancérogènes certains ou probables concernant les HM (Tableau 1), d'autres substances ou classes de substances sont fortement ou très fortement suspectées