R. B. Salter and C. Zaltz, Anatomic Investigations of the Mechanism of Injury and Pathologic Anatomy of "Pulled Elbow" in Young Children, Clin Orthop Relat Res. juin, vol.77, p.134, 1971.

D. Tourdias, La subluxation de la tête radiale ou « pronation douloureuse ». Ann Fr Med Urgence, vol.7, pp.299-306, 2017.

S. A. Schutzman and S. Teach, Upper-extremity impairment in young children, Ann Emerg Med. oct, vol.26, issue.4, pp.474-483, 1995.

B. W. Broadhurst and A. J. Buhr, the pulled elbow, BMJ, vol.1, pp.1018-1027, 1959.

R. Welch, T. Chounthirath, and G. A. Smith, Radial Head Subluxation Among Young Children in the United States Associated With Consumer Products and Recreational Activities, Clin Pediatr (Phila). juill, vol.56, issue.8, pp.707-722, 2017.

T. Irie, T. Sono, Y. Hayama, T. Matsumoto, and M. Matsushita, Investigation on 2331 Cases of Pulled Elbow Over the Last 10 Years, 2014.

S. Vitello, R. Dvorkin, S. Sattler, D. Levy, and L. Ung, Disponible sur

, West J Emerg Med. 7 juill, vol.15, issue.4, pp.554-561, 2014.

C. G. Macias, J. Bothner, and R. Wiebe, A comparison of supination/flexion to hyperpronation in the reduction of radial head subluxations, Pediatrics. juill, vol.102, issue.1, p.10, 1998.

P. Piquet, La pronation douloureuse de l'enfant : épidémiologie et recherche de facteurs de risques intrafamiliaux

M. Guyot, M. Allepaerts-souali, M. Moukagni-pelzer, R. El-kohen, J. Szymczak et al., La pronation douloureuse chez le jeune enfant est fréquente aux urgences pédiatriques, Arch Pédiatrie. déc, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1824-1829, 2008.

D. J. Bozentka, Subluxation of the annular ligament as a cause of elbow clicking, J Shoulder Elbow Surg. janv, vol.9, issue.1, pp.67-76, 2000.

B. J. O'neill, K. M. Hirpara, A. T. Devitt, and M. E. O'sullivan, Irreducible Pulled Elbow in an Adolescent. A Case Report, Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. févr, vol.35, issue.1, pp.79-80, 2009.

R. Kajiwara, T. Sunagawa, O. Ishida, and M. Ochi, Irreducible pulled elbow in an adult: A case report, J Shoulder Elbow Surg. janv, vol.16, issue.1, pp.1-4, 2007.

E. Meiner, A. Sama, D. Lee, M. Nelson, and D. Katz, Bilateral nursemaid's elbow, Am J Emerg Med, vol.22, pp.502-505, 2004.

S. J. Teach and S. A. Schutzman, Prospective study of recurrent radial head subluxation, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. févr, vol.150, issue.2, pp.164-170, 1996.

D. Broomfield and I. Maconochie, The pulled elbow: a review article. Trauma, vol.6, pp.255-264, 2004.

J. E. Schunk, Radial head subluxation: epidemiology and treatment of 87 episodes, Ann Emerg Med. sept, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1019-1042, 1990.

A. Sacchetti, E. E. Ramoska, and C. Glascow, Nonclassic history in children with radial head subluxations, J Emerg Med. mars, vol.8, issue.2, pp.151-154, 1990.

T. F. Rudloe, S. Schutzman, L. K. Lee, and A. A. Kimia, No longer a « nursemaid's » elbow: mechanisms, caregivers, and prevention, Pediatr Emerg Care. août, vol.28, issue.8, pp.771-775, 2012.

S. Walsh and N. Kidner, Pulled elbow, J R Soc Med. juin, vol.93, issue.6, pp.336-343, 2000.

M. F. Rodts, Nursemaid?s Elbow: A Preventable Pediatric Injury, Orthop Nurs. juill, vol.28, issue.4, pp.163-169, 2009.

C. Orbelin and C. Vacher, Précis d'anatomie Tome 1. 11 e éd

S. Mak, L. S. Beltran, J. Bencardino, J. Orr, L. Jazrawi et al., MRI of the Annular Ligament of the Elbow: Review of Anatomic Considerations and Pathologic Findings in Patients With Posterolateral Elbow Instability, Am J Roentgenol. déc, vol.203, issue.6, pp.1272-1281, 2014.

L. Boukhatmi, Arthrologie du coude

. Faculté-de-medecine-d'oran, Drake R, Vogl W. Gray's Anatomie pour les étudiants, 2006.

A. Remaud and . Anatomie-biomécanique, , 2008.

E. Guerre, Analyse expérimentale de la mobilité passive du coude et de l'avant-bras au moyen du système opto-electronique d'analyse du mouvement VICON

C. Martinez, Le coude et l'avant-bras: anatomie fonctionnelle de la flexion-extension et de la prono-supination, Ann Kinésithér, vol.12, issue.6, p.18

F. Netter, Atlas d'anatomie humaine. 5 e éd, 2011.

S. Zylberberg, JeRetiens -Comprendre, apprendre, réviser, p.10, 2016.

D. Fournier and . L'oeconomie-chirurgicale,

, Contenant l'ostéologie, la nososreologie, l'apocatastosteologie, & le Traité des bandages, pp.249-54

W. W. Van-arsdale, Subluxation of the Head of the Radius in Children, Ann Surg. juin, vol.1889, issue.6, pp.401-424

C. A. Stone, Subluxation of the head of the radius : report of a case and anatomic experiments, J Am Med Assoc. 1 juill, vol.LXVII, issue.1, p.28, 1916.

R. E. Kaplan and K. A. Lillis, Recurrent Nursemaid's Elbow (Annular Ligament Displacement) Treatment Via Telephone, PEDIATRICS. 1 juill, vol.110, issue.1, pp.171-175, 2002.

J. R. Ryan, The Relationship of the Radial Head to Radial Neck Diameters in Fetuses and Adults with Reference to Radial-head Subluxation in Children, J Bone Jt Surg. 1 juin, vol.51, issue.4, pp.781-784, 1969.

H. S. Diab, M. Hamed, and Y. Allam, Obscure pathology of pulled elbow: dynamic highresolution ultrasound-assisted classification, J Child Orthop. déc, vol.4, issue.6, pp.539-582, 2010.

J. Bates-smith and D. Crellin, Paediatric elbow injuries, Australas Emerg Nurs J. mai, vol.14, issue.2, pp.115-124, 2011.

J. Hutchinson, Partial dislocation of the head of the radius peculiar to children, Br Med J, issue.1, pp.9-10, 1886.

A. Bouchet and J. Cuilleret,

M. E. Griffin, Subluxation of the head of the radius in young children, Pediatrics. janv, vol.15, issue.1, pp.103-109, 1955.

G. A. Hagroo, H. M. Zaki, M. T. Choudhary, and A. Hussain, Pulled elbow--not the effect of hypermobility of joints, Injury. déc, vol.26, issue.10, pp.687-90, 1995.

N. S. Sankar, Pulled elbow, J R Soc Med. sept, vol.92, issue.9, pp.462-466, 1999.

C. G. Macias, R. Wiebe, and J. Bothner, History and radiographic findings associated with clinically suspected radial head subluxations, Pediatr Emerg Care. févr, vol.16, issue.1, pp.207-215, 2000.

F. Güngör and T. K?l?ç, Point-of-Care Ultrasonography to Assist in the Diagnosis and Management of Subluxation of the Radial Head in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series, J Emerg Med. mai, vol.52, issue.5, pp.702-708, 2017.

E. A. Eismann, E. D. Cosco, and E. J. Wall, Absence of Radiographic Abnormalities in Nursemaid's Elbows, J Pediatr Orthop. juin, vol.34, issue.4, pp.426-457, 2014.

L. Parker, L. N. Nazarian, J. A. Carrino, W. B. Morrison, G. Grimaldi et al., Musculoskeletal imaging: medicare use, costs, and potential for cost substitution, J Am Coll Radiol JACR. mars, vol.5, issue.3, pp.182-190, 2008.

S. Shabat, Y. Folman, G. Mann, Y. Kots, B. Fredman et al., The Role of sonography in detecting radial head subluxation in a child, J Clin Ultrasound. mai, vol.33, issue.4, pp.187-196, 2005.

J. M. Arena, How to: take care of nursemaid's elbow, Clin Pediatr (Phila). févr, vol.9, issue.2, pp.83-83, 1970.

P. Toupin, M. H. Osmond, R. Correll, and A. Plint, Radial head subluxation: how long do children wait in the emergency department before reduction?, CJEM. sept, vol.9, issue.5, pp.333-340, 2007.

A. Adeniran and W. Merriam, Pulled elbow in an adult patient, J Bone Joint Surg Br. sept, issue.5, pp.848-857, 1994.

A. Ulici, A. Herdea, and M. Carp, Nursemaid's elbow -Supination-flexion technique versus hyperpronation/forced pronation: Randomized clinical study, Indian J Orthop, issue.53, pp.117-138, 2019.

J. Mcdonald, C. Whitelaw, and L. J. Goldsmith, Radial Head Subluxation: Comparing Two Methods of Reduction, Acad Emerg Med. 1 juill, vol.6, issue.7, pp.715-723, 1999.

M. B. Lyver, Radial head subluxation, J Emerg Med. juin, vol.9, issue.3, pp.154-160, 1991.

D. Bek, C. Yildiz, Ö. Köse, A. ?ehirlio?lu, and M. Ba?bozkurt, Pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of 'pulled elbow': a randomized clinical trial, Eur J Emerg Med. juin, vol.16, issue.3, pp.135-143, 2009.

A. M. Taha, The treatment of pulled elbow: a prospective randomized study, Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 25 avr, vol.120, issue.5-6, pp.336-343, 2000.

S. J. Triantafyllou, S. C. Wilson, and J. S. Rychak, Irreducible « pulled elbow, Clin Orthop, issue.284, pp.153-158, 1992.

M. Krul, J. C. Van-der-wouden, E. J. Kruithof, L. W. Van-suijlekom-smit, and B. W. Koes,

, Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.28, p.7759, 2012.

R. Bexkens, F. J. Washburn, D. Eygendaal, M. Van-den-bekerom, and L. S. Oh, Effectiveness of reduction maneuvers in the treatment of nursemaid's elbow: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Emerg Med. janv, vol.35, issue.1, pp.159-63, 2017.

R. Bexkens, F. J. Washburn, D. Eygendaal, M. Van-den-bekerom, and L. S. Oh, Response to effectiveness of reduction maneuvers in the treatment of nursemaid's elbow: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Emerg Med. juill, vol.35, issue.7, pp.1016-1023, 2017.

E. Morice and E. Leroyer, Existe-t-il des éléments prédictifs de l'implication des médecins généralistes dans les thèses de recherche en médecine générale? Exercer, pp.31-33, 2012.

H. Maisonneuve and J. Fournier, Construire une enquête et un questionnaire. e-respect, pp.15-21, 2012.

, L'échelle de Likert pour les réponses aux questionnaires d'évaluation

Y. K. Surveymonkey-;-gunaydin, Y. Katirci, H. Duymaz, K. Vural, H. C. Halhalli et al., Comparison of success and pain levels of supination-flexion and hyperpronation maneuvers in childhood nursemaid's elbow cases, Am J Emerg Med. juill, vol.31, issue.7, pp.1078-81, 2013.

M. Guzel, O. Salt, M. Demir, H. Akdemir, P. Durukan et al., Comparison of hyperpronation and supination-flexion techniques in children presented to emergency department with painful pronation, Niger J Clin Pract, vol.17, issue.2, p.201, 2014.

. Pediadol and . Flacc, Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability) modifiée, 2019.

G. Meyer, G. Orliaguet, S. Blanot, M. M. Jarreau, B. Charron et al., Complications of emergency tracheal intubation in severely head-injured children, Paediatr Anaesth, vol.10, issue.3, pp.253-60, 2000.

A. Dixon, C. Clarkin, N. Barrowman, R. Correll, M. H. Osmond et al., Reduction of radial-head subluxation in children by triage nurses in the emergency department: a clusterrandomized controlled trial, CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 10 juin, vol.186, issue.9, pp.1-14, 2011.

F. Moronval, Les gestes techniques de médecine d'urgence : description, apprentissage et maintien des compétences. A propos d'une étude réalisé en Lorraine, 2012.

F. Haget, Enquête qualitative auprès d'internes en SASPAS. :303. 75. HAS. L'évaluation des pratiques professionnelles dans le cadre de l'acréditation des établissements de santé

D. Sur,

S. Laurin, M. Audétat, and G. Sanche, Superviser l'apprentissage des gestes techniques

. Researchgate, , 2016.

, Collégiale Nationale des universitaires de médecine d'Urgence

. Thérapeutique, Urgences et défaillances viscérales aiguës. Med-Line. Paris; 2015. 493 p. 79. DESC-MU 2013-2014 : Traumatismes sévères -Urgences-Online

M. Budowski and B. Gay, Comment former les futurs généralistes ? De la difficulté pour les généralistes de nombreux pays à enseigner dans les écoles ou les facultés de médecine, Exercer, issue.75, pp.142-146, 2005.

K. L. White, T. F. Williams, and B. G. Greenberg, The ecology of medical care, N Engl J Med, vol.265, pp.885-92, 1961.