, Un patient était antérieurement suivi pour une leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique pro-B, compliquée après deux allogreffes de moelle osseuse d'une GVH (graft-versus-host : réaction du greffon contre l'hôte). Dans certains cas, il existait une discordance entre l'immunoglobuline circulante identifiée et les dépôts présents en immunofluorescence sur la biopsie rénale, SMD) pour un autre patient. L'hémopathie sous-jacente pour 14 patients (74%) était une MGRS (Tableau 6)
, SRA : système rénine angiotensine. TR : transplantation rénale. Vascularite Glom : vascularite glomérulaire. Les sous classes d'IgG ainsi que les chaînes légères ? et ? n'étaient pas disponible sur la biopsie initiale pour certains patients. RESUME Introduction : La glomérulonéphrite proliférative à dépôts monoclonaux d'immunoglobuline (PGNMID) est une entité rare et récemment définie. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques, GNEndoC : glomérulonéphrite endocapillaire. GNExtraC : glomérulonéphrite extracapillaire. GNMP : glomérulonéphrite membrano-proliférative. IF: immunofluorescence. Ig : immunoglobuline. IS : immunosuppresseur. LAL : leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique
, Etude descriptive, rétrospective, incluant les patients ayant une PGNMID
, Résultats : Dix-neuf patients ont été inclus, d'âge médian 63 ans. La protéinurie médiane était de 6g/24h et le DFG médian de 26ml/min/1,73m 2 . La forme histologique principale était une glomérulonéphrite membranoproliférative (84%). Les dépôts étaient majoritairement IgG3? (69%)
, Lors du suivi (médiane : 57 mois), 11 patients ont reçu une thérapie immunosuppressive, parmi eux 5 ont obtenu une rémission rénale. Treize patients ont nécessité une prise en charge en hémodialyse et 7 ont été transplantés. Les facteurs de mauvais pronostic rénal étaient le sexe masculin (p=0,02), une protéinurie médiane élevée 8, Une immunoglobuline monoclonale était détectée pour 11 patients, et 5 avaient une hémopathie maligne
, Quatre-vingt-huit pourcents des patients ont récidivé après transplantation. Conclusion : Notre étude confirme le pronostic rénal sombre des patients atteints de PGNMID et l'intérêt du traitement immunosuppresseur. Face à une récidive presque constante sur le greffon, la réalisation d'une biopsie systématique après transplantation semble indiquée. Mots clés : PGNMID, Immunoglobuline G monoclonale, MGRS
The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a consensus report of the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group, Nat Rev Nephrol, vol.15, issue.1, pp.45-59, 2019. ,
Diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, Kidney Int. avr, vol.87, issue.4, pp.698-711, 2015. ,
The Complexity and Heterogeneity of Monoclonal Immunoglobulin-Associated Renal Diseases, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN, vol.29, issue.7, pp.1810-1833, 2018. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits: a nephrologist perspective, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2019. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G deposits is associated with high rate of early recurrence in the allograft, Kidney Int, vol.94, issue.1, pp.159-69, 2018. ,
Dysproteinemia and the Kidney: Core Curriculum, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found, vol.74, issue.6, pp.822-858, 2019. ,
Aggressive lymphomas, N Engl J Med. 15 avr, vol.362, issue.15, pp.1417-1446, 2010. ,
Dangerous small B-cell clones, Blood, vol.108, issue.8, pp.2520-2550, 2006. ,
, International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group, Br J Haematol. juin, vol.121, issue.5, pp.749-57, 2003.
Criteria for diagnosis, staging, risk stratification and response assessment of multiple myeloma, Leukemia. janv, vol.23, issue.1, pp.3-9, 2009. ,
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia: diagnosis, natural history, and risk stratification, Blood. 23 juill, vol.126, issue.4, pp.454-62, 2015. ,
Progression in smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: long-term results, Blood. 10 mai, vol.119, pp.4462-4468, 2012. ,
International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, Lancet Oncol, vol.15, issue.12, pp.538-548, 2014. ,
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute-Working Group 1996 guidelines, Blood. 15 juin, vol.111, issue.12, pp.5446-56, 2008. ,
iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL, Blood, vol.21, issue.25, pp.2745-60, 2018. ,
Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Blood. 1 août, vol.106, issue.3, pp.812-819, 2005. ,
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden, Blood. 16 janv, vol.123, issue.3, pp.338-383, 2014. ,
Multiple myeloma. Lancet Lond Engl, vol.385, pp.2197-208, 2015. ,
How I treat Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Blood. 05, vol.134, issue.23, pp.2022-2057, 2019. ,
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, AL amyloidosis, and related plasma cell disorders: diagnosis and treatment, Mayo Clin Proc. mai, vol.81, issue.5, pp.693-703, 2006. ,
Monoclonal Bcell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, N Engl J Med. 7 août, vol.359, issue.6, pp.575-83, 2008. ,
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment: So many choices, such great options, Cancer, vol.01, issue.9, pp.1432-1472, 2019. ,
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance: a novel concept with therapeutic implications, Blood, vol.132, issue.14, pp.1478-85, 2018. ,
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.376, issue.18, pp.1770-81, 2017. ,
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: when MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant, Blood, vol.120, issue.22, pp.4292-4297, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00945713
Structure and function of immunoglobulins, J Allergy Clin Immunol. févr, vol.125, issue.2, pp.41-52, 2010. ,
Animal models of monoclonal immunoglobulin-related renal diseases, Nat Rev Nephrol, vol.14, issue.4, pp.246-64, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02344013
Structure and function relationships in IgA, Mucosal Immunol, vol.4, issue.6, pp.590-597, 2011. ,
IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions, Front Immunol, vol.5, p.520, 2014. ,
Recurrent membranous nephropathy in an allograft caused by IgG3? targeting the PLA2 receptor, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. déc, vol.23, issue.12, pp.1949-54, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00919065
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. sept, vol.20, issue.9, pp.2055-64, 2009. ,
Hematologic characteristics of proliferative glomerulonephritides with nonorganized monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits, Mayo Clin Proc. mai, vol.90, issue.5, pp.587-96, 2015. ,
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to monoclonal gammopathy, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. mai, vol.5, issue.5, pp.770-82, 2010. ,
Laboratory testing in monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), Clin Chem Lab Med. 1 juin, vol.54, issue.6, pp.929-966, 2016. ,
American Society of Nephrology Onco-Nephrology Forum. Paraprotein-Related Kidney Disease: Kidney Injury from Paraproteins-What Determines the Site of Injury?, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN, vol.07, issue.12, pp.2288-94, 2016. ,
Bridging the Divide: An Onco-Nephrologic Approach to the Monoclonal Gammopathies of Renal Significance, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN, vol.07, issue.9, pp.1681-91, 2016. ,
New developments in the diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int, vol.96, issue.3, pp.581-92, 2019. ,
Results of a nation-wide cohort study suggest favorable long-term outcomes of clone-targeted chemotherapy in immunotactoid glomerulopathy, Kidney Int, vol.30, issue.2020 ,
Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc -Eur Ren Assoc, vol.27, pp.4137-4183, 2012. ,
, Nat Rev Dis Primer, vol.4, issue.1, p.11, 2018.
Spectrum and Prognosis of Noninfectious Renal Mixed Cryoglobulinemic GN, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. avr, vol.27, issue.4, pp.1213-1237, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01308003
How I treat monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), Blood, vol.122, issue.22, pp.3583-90, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00945719
Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial, Lancet Lond Engl. 9 avr, vol.387, pp.1551-60, 2016. ,
Clinicopathologic Assessment of Monoclonal Immunoglobulin-Associated Renal Disease in the Kidney Allograft. A Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature, Transplantation, vol.17, 2019. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits: a distinct entity mimicking immune-complex glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int. janv, vol.65, issue.1, pp.85-96, 2004. ,
Patterns of noncryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig deposits: correlation with IgG subclass and response to rituximab, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. juill, vol.6, issue.7, pp.1609-1625, 2011. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits recurs or may develop de novo in kidney allografts, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found. août, vol.58, issue.2, pp.276-81, 2011. ,
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits Recurs in the Allograft, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. janv, vol.6, issue.1, pp.122-154, 2011. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits in children and young adults, Pediatr Nephrol Berl Ger, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1531-1539, 2018. ,
Glomérulonéphrites à dépôts non organisés non Randall d'immunoglobuline monoclonale (PGNMID) : étude d'une série de 70 cas, Néphrologie Thérapeutique. 1 sept, vol.14, issue.5, pp.260-261, 2018. ,
A clone-directed approach may improve diagnosis and treatment of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits, Kidney Int, vol.94, issue.1, pp.199-205, 2018. ,
Recurrent Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits in Kidney Allografts Treated With Anti-CD20 Antibodies, Transplantation, vol.103, issue.7, pp.1477-85, 2019. ,
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease associated with membranous features, Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc -Eur Ren Assoc. déc, vol.23, issue.12, pp.3888-94, 2008. ,
Kidney diseases associated with monoclonal immunoglobulin M-secreting B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: a case series of 35 patients, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found, vol.66, issue.5, pp.756-67, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212509
The clinicopathologic characteristics of kidney diseases related to monotypic IgA deposits, Kidney Int, vol.91, issue.3, pp.720-728, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01813356
Light chain only variant of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits is associated with a high detection rate of the pathogenic plasma cell clone, Kidney Int. mars, vol.97, issue.3, pp.589-601, 2020. ,
The multifaceted role of complement in kidney transplantation, Nat Rev Nephrol, vol.14, issue.12, pp.767-81, 2018. ,
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis, Nat Immunol. sept, vol.11, issue.9, pp.785-97, 2010. ,
Monoclonal gammopathy-associated proliferative glomerulonephritis, Mayo Clin Proc. nov, vol.88, issue.11, pp.1284-93, 2013. ,
Complement is activated by IgG hexamers assembled at the cell surface, Science. 14 mars, vol.343, issue.6176, pp.1260-1263, 2014. ,
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis--a new look at an old entity, N Engl J Med. 22 mars, vol.366, issue.12, pp.1119-1150, 2012. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc -Eur Ren Assoc. août, vol.26, issue.8, pp.2712-2716, 2011. ,
Renal complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: the Mayo Clinic experience, Haematologica. sept, vol.100, issue.9, pp.1180-1188, 2015. ,
Clinicopathological spectrum of renal parenchymal involvement in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, Kidney Int. juill, vol.96, issue.1, pp.94-103, 2019. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02132592
Kidney Involvement of Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Other IgM-Producing B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1037-1083, 2018. ,
The spectrum of kidney pathology in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma: a 25-year multicenter experience, PloS One, vol.10, issue.3, p.119156, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02317951
Immune regulation by glucocorticoids, Nat Rev Immunol. avr, vol.17, issue.4, pp.233-280, 2017. ,
Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. 7 mai, vol.13, issue.5, pp.815-837, 2018. ,
Terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, N Engl J Med. 6 juin, vol.368, issue.23, pp.2169-81, 2013. ,
Discovery and development of the complement inhibitor eculizumab for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Nat Biotechnol, vol.25, issue.11, pp.1256-64, 2007. ,
Update on membranoproliferative GN, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. mars, vol.9, issue.3, pp.600-608, 2014. ,
Pathology after eculizumab in dense deposit disease and C3 GN, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. juill, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1229-1266, 2012. ,
Eculizumab for dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN. mai, vol.7, issue.5, pp.748-56, 2012. ,
Patterns of Clinical Response to Eculizumab in Patients With C3 Glomerulopathy, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found, vol.72, issue.1, pp.84-92, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01838455
Complement inhibition in C3 glomerulopathy, Semin Immunol, vol.28, issue.3, pp.241-250, 2016. ,
C3 glomerulopathyunderstanding a rare complement-driven renal disease, Nat Rev Nephrol, vol.15, issue.3, pp.129-172, 2019. ,
C5 Convertase Blockade in Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found, vol.74, issue.2, pp.224-262, 2019. ,
Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Version 2.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN, vol.15, issue.1, pp.60-87, 2017. ,
The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia, Blood, vol.19, issue.20, pp.2391-405, 2016. ,
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Lancet Lond Engl, vol.04, issue.2020, pp.1146-62, 10230. ,
Mayo Clinic/Renal Pathology Society Consensus Report on Pathologic Classification, Diagnosis, and Reporting of GN, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. mai, vol.27, issue.5, pp.1278-87, 2016. ,
Standardized reporting of monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated renal diseases: recommendations from a Mayo Clinic/Renal Pathology Society Working Group, Kidney Int. août, vol.98, issue.2, pp.310-313, 2020. ,
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with deposition of monoclonal IgG evolved from polyclonal IgG: a case report with two consecutive renal biopsies, Kidney Int. avr, vol.22, issue.2019, pp.897-908, 2016. ,
Monoclonal IgG1? anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: a case report, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found. févr, vol.65, issue.2, pp.322-328, 2015. ,
Clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with type 1 monoclonal cryoglobulinemia, Am J Hematol. juill, vol.92, issue.7, pp.668-73, 2017. ,
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig deposits (PGNMID): diagnostic and treatment challenges for the nephrologist! Kidney Int, vol.95, pp.467-475, 2019. ,
High incidence of serum monoclonal Igs detected by a sensitive immunoblotting technique in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Blood. 15 août, vol.84, issue.4, pp.1216-1225, 1994. ,
Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Technical and Clinical Advances, Front Oncol, vol.9, p.726, 2019. ,
, France: Incidence and survival, vol.65, p.101697, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02168116
Regulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation by pre-B-cell receptor signalling, Nat Rev Immunol. mars, vol.9, issue.3, pp.195-205, 2009. ,
Transient paraproteinemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an underexplored phenomenon associated with graft versus host disease, Oncotarget, vol.8, issue.63, pp.106333-106374, 2017. ,
The bone-marrow niche in MDS and MGUS: implications for AML and MM, Nat Rev Clin Oncol, vol.15, issue.4, pp.219-252, 2018. ,
Co-occurrence of monoclonal gammopathy and myelodysplasia: a retrospective study of fourteen cases, Int J Hematol. juin, vol.99, issue.6, pp.721-726, 2014. ,
Nextgeneration sequencing of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements for clonality assessment: a technical feasibility study by EuroClonality-NGS, Leukemia, vol.33, issue.9, pp.2227-2267, 2019. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02294385
Minimal residual disease undetectable by next-generation sequencing predicts improved outcome in CLL after chemoimmunotherapy, Blood, vol.28, issue.22, pp.1951-1960, 2019. ,
Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in the Context of Multiple Myeloma Treatment, Curr Hematol Malig Rep. avr, vol.11, issue.2, pp.118-144, 2016. ,
Unravelling the immunopathological mechanisms of heavy chain deposition disease with implications for clinical management, Kidney Int, vol.91, issue.2, pp.423-457, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02364147
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits: a distinct entity mimicking immune-complex glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int. janv, vol.65, issue.1, pp.85-96, 2004. ,
Somatic mutations of the L12a gene in V-kappa(1) light chain deposition disease: potential effects on aberrant protein conformation and deposition, Am J Pathol. déc, vol.155, issue.6, pp.2009-2026, 1999. ,
Recurrent and de novo Glomerulonephritis After Kidney Transplantation, Front Immunol, vol.10, 1944. ,
Recent advances in our understanding of recurrent primary glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation, Kidney Int, vol.91, issue.2, pp.304-318, 2017. ,
Recurrent glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation: risk factors and allograft outcomes, Kidney Int, vol.92, issue.2, pp.461-470, 2017. ,
Recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation, Kidney Int. avr, vol.77, issue.8, pp.721-729, 2010. ,
C4d as a Diagnostic Tool in Proliferative GN, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN, vol.26, issue.11, pp.2852-2861, 2015. ,
Kidney disease in nail-patella syndrome, Pediatr Nephrol Berl Ger. déc, vol.24, issue.12, pp.2345-54, 2009. ,
Clinical and genetic characterization of nephropathy in patients with nail-patella syndrome, Eur J Hum Genet EJHG, vol.26, issue.2020 ,
Clonedirected therapy for proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin depositions: is it always necessary? : Two case reports and literature review, J Nephrol. juin, vol.33, issue.3, pp.611-618, 2020. ,
Bortezomib produces high hematological response rates with prolonged renal survival in monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, Kidney Int, vol.88, issue.5, pp.1135-1178, 2015. ,
Dysproteinemias and Glomerular Disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol CJASN, vol.13, issue.1, pp.128-167, 2018. ,
Proteasome inhibitors -molecular basis and current perspectives in multiple myeloma, J Cell Mol Med. juin, vol.18, issue.6, pp.947-61, 2014. ,
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib attenuates renal fibrosis in mice via the suppression of TGF-?1, Sci Rep, vol.12, issue.1, p.13086, 2017. ,
A mouse model recapitulating human monoclonal heavy chain deposition disease evidences the relevance of proteasome inhibitor therapy, Blood. 6 août, vol.126, issue.6, pp.757-65, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212560
Bortezomib treatment for patients with mantle-cell lymphoma, Lancet Oncol. avr, vol.16, issue.4, p.162, 2015. ,
An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Lupus Nephritis, Curr Rheumatol Rep, vol.4, issue.2020, p.30 ,
Update on Lupus Nephritis: Core Curriculum 2020, Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found. 24 mars, 2020. ,
Rituximab or Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy, N Engl J Med, vol.04, issue.1, pp.36-46, 2019. ,
Rituximab for Severe Membranous Nephropathy: A 6-Month Trial with Extended Follow-Up, J Am Soc Nephrol JASN, vol.28, issue.1, pp.348-58, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01490466
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis, N Engl J Med. 15 juill, vol.363, issue.3, pp.211-231, 2010. ,
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis, N Engl J Med. 15 juill, vol.363, issue.3, pp.221-253, 2010. ,
The evolution of the therapeutic approach to membranous nephropathy, Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc -Eur Ren Assoc. 24 mars, 2020. ,
Practical management of C3 glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin-mediated MPGN: facts and uncertainties, Kidney Int, vol.2, issue.2020 ,
, Kidney Int. févr, vol.69, issue.4, pp.772-777, 2006.
Glomerular membrane attack complex is not a reliable marker of ongoing C5 activation in lupus nephritis, Kidney Int, vol.95, issue.3, pp.655-65, 2019. ,
Eculizumab and refractory membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, N Engl J Med. 22 mars, vol.366, issue.12, pp.1165-1171, 2012. ,
Daratumumab for Severe Refractory Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immune Deposits (PGNMID) ,
, Disponible sur, vol.17, 2017.
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G Lambda Deposits: Report of the First Pediatric Case, Case Rep Nephrol Dial. avr, vol.8, issue.1, pp.70-75, 2018. ,