, Bibliographie : 1. Accouchement normal : accompagnement de la physiologie et interventions médicales

H. Autorité-de-santé,

S. L. Clark, E. F. Hamilton, and T. J. Garite, The limits of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in the prevention of neonatal metabolic acidemia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.216, issue.2, pp.163-164, 2017.

B. Carbonne, M. Dreyfus, and J. Schaal, Classification CNGOF du rythme cardiaque foetal : obstétriciens et sages-femmes au tableau ! Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.42, pp.509-510, 2013.

D. Ayres-de-campos, S. Arulkumaran, and . Figo-intrapartum, Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Introduction, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol.131, issue.1, pp.3-4, 2015.

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S. L. Sholapurkar, Obstetrics at Decisive Crossroads Regarding Pattern-Recognition of Fetal Heart Rate Decelerations: Scientific Principles and Lessons From Memetics, J Clin Med Res, vol.10, issue.4, pp.302-308, 2018.

C. J. Shaw, C. C. Lees, and D. A. Giussani, Variations on fetal heart rate variability, The Journal of Physiology, vol.594, issue.5, pp.1279-1280, 2016.

S. C. Blackwell, W. A. Grobman, L. Antoniewicz, M. Hutchinson, and C. G. Bannerman,

, Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the NICHD 3-Tier Fetal Heart Rate Interpretation System, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.205, issue.4, pp.378-379, 2011.

D. Ayres-de-campos, J. Bernardes, A. Costa-pereira, and L. Pereira-leite, Inconsistencies in classification by experts of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision, BJOG:An international journal of O&G, vol.106, issue.12, pp.1307-1310, 1999.

X. Carcopino, L. Sabiani, F. Bretelle, L. Boubli, D. 'ercole et al., Ce que tout obstétricien devrait savoir à propos des expertises obstétricales, Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité, vol.44, issue.5, pp.257-258, 2016.

F. Bretelle, L. Du, R. Foulhy, and C. , Surveillance foetale continue ou discontinue, télémétrie et centrale d'analyse, vol.37, pp.23-33, 2008.

Z. Alfirevic, G. M. Gyte, A. Cuthbert, and D. Devane, Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017.

C. Deneux-tharaux, E. Carmona, M. Bouvier-colle, and G. Bréart, Postpartum Maternal Mortality and Cesarean Delivery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.108, issue.3, pp.541-548, 2006.

A. Moraitis, C. Oliver-williams, and A. Wood, Previous caesarean delivery and the risk of unexplained stillbirth: retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis, BJOG: Int J Obstet Gy, vol.122, issue.11, pp.1467-1474, 2015.

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S. L. Clark and G. Hankins, Temporal and demographic trends in cerebral palsy-Fact and fiction, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.188, issue.3, pp.628-633, 2003.

A. Pinas and E. Chandraharan, Continuous cardiotocography during labour: Analysis, classification and management, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.30, pp.33-47, 2016.

E. Chandraharan, Intrapartum care: An urgent need to question historical practices and 'non-evidence'-based, illogical foetal monitoring guidelines to avoid patient harm, Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management, 2019.

E. Chandraharan and S. Arulkumaran, Prevention of birth asphyxia: responding appropriately to cardiotocograph (CTG) traces. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.21, pp.609-624, 2007.

C. A. Lear, J. A. Westgate, and A. Ugwumadu, Understanding Fetal Heart Rate Patterns That May Predict Antenatal and Intrapartum Neural Injury, Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, vol.28, pp.3-16, 2018.

C. A. Lear, R. Galinsky, and G. Wassink, The myths and physiology surrounding intrapartum decelerations: the critical role of the peripheral chemoreflex, The Journal of Physiology, vol.594, issue.17, pp.4711-4725, 2016.

C. A. Lear, M. Kasai, and L. C. Booth, Peripheral chemoreflex control of fetal heart rate decelerations overwhelms the baroreflex during brief umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep, J. Physiol, 2020.

A. Ugwumadu, P. Steer, and B. Parer, Amer-Wåhlin I. Evaluation and impact of cardiotocography training programmes: a systematic review: Evaluation and impact of CTG training programmes, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.123, issue.6, pp.926-935, 2011.

E. Froc, C. Philip, and R. Rudigoz, Formation à l'analyse du rythme cardiaque foetal : évaluation d'un programme d, Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, vol.46, issue.9, pp.645-652, 2018.

J. Secourgeon, enregistrement du rythme cardiaque foetal et la gestion des événements indésirables graves : pourquoi et comment élaborer un programme de formation des cliniciens, Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.41, issue.6, pp.526-540, 2012.

R. Bates, A critical analysis of evaluation practice: the Kirkpatrick model and the principle of beneficence, Evaluation and Program Planning, vol.27, issue.3, pp.341-347, 2004.

L. Robertson, H. Knight, and E. Prosser-snelling, Each baby counts in 2018 -lessons learned and future directions, Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, vol.28, issue.8, pp.253-257, 2018.

. Ctg-masterclass, Baby Lifeline Training

, Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Nomenclature, Interpretation, and General Management Principles

K. W. Murphy, P. Johnson, and J. Moorcraft, Birth asphyxia and the intrapartum cardiotocograph, BJOG:An international journal of O&G, vol.97, issue.6, pp.470-479, 1990.

K. G. Rosén, H. Norén, and A. Carlsson, FHR patterns that become significant in connection with ST waveform changes and metabolic acidosis at birth, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol.32, pp.3288-3293, 2019.

J. M. Thoulon, Monitorage obstétrical, 2e édition, pp.231-244, 1991.

J. Coletta, E. Murphy, Z. Rubeo, and C. Gyamfi-bannerman, The 5-tier system of assessing fetal heart rate tracings is superior to the 3-tier system in identifying fetal acidemia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.206, issue.3, pp.226-227, 2012.

D. P. Larsen, A. C. Butler, and H. Iii, Test-enhanced learning in medical education, Medical Education, vol.42, issue.10, pp.959-966, 2008.

R. Demailly, S. Boudet, . Houzé-de-l'aulnoît-a, A. Delgranche, and . Houzé-de-l'aulnoît-d, Évaluation d'un programme d'apprentissage en ligne de l'analyse du rythme cardiaque foetal. Vocation Sage-femme, vol.13, pp.26-30, 2014.

L. Thellesen, J. L. Sorensen, and M. Hedegaard, Cardiotocography interpretation skills and the association with size of maternity unit, years of obstetric work experience and healthcare professional background: a national cross-sectional study, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, vol.96, issue.9, pp.1075-1083, 2017.

L. Thellesen, T. Bergholt, and J. L. Sorensen, The impact of a national cardiotocography education program on neonatal and maternal outcomes: A historical cohort study, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol.98, issue.10, pp.1258-1267, 2019.

C. M. Luthander, K. Källen, and M. E. Nyström, Results from the National Perinatal Patient Safety Program in Sweden: the challenge of evaluation, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol.95, issue.5, pp.596-603, 2016.

P. Young, R. Hamilton, and S. Hodgett, Reducing risk by improving standards of intrapartum fetal care, J R Soc Med, vol.94, issue.5, pp.226-231, 2001.

J. A. Westgate, A. J. Gunn, and T. R. Gunn, Antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy with fetal acidaemia at term, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.106, issue.8, pp.774-782, 1999.

S. Lippke, J. Wienert, and F. M. Keller, Communication and patient safety in gynecology and obstetrics -study protocol of an intervention study, BMC Health Serv Res, vol.19, p.43, 2019.

S. Byford, E. Weaver, and C. Anstey, Has the incidence of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in Queensland been reduced with improved education in fetal surveillance monitoring?, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, vol.54, issue.4, pp.348-353, 2014.

N. Cheurfa, L. Butruille, J. De-joonckhere, B. Carbonne, and P. Deruelle, Évaluation de la forme simplifiée de la classification du rythme cardiaque foetal proposée dans le cadre des recommandations pour la pratique clinique « surveillance du travail », Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.45, issue.4, pp.330-336, 2016.

A. G. Cahill, K. A. Roehl, A. O. Odibo, and G. A. Macones, Association and prediction of neonatal acidemia, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.207, issue.3, pp.206-207, 2012.

E. M. Graham, K. A. Ruis, A. L. Hartman, F. J. Northington, and H. E. Fox, A systematic review of the role of intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia in the causation of neonatal encephalopathy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.199, issue.6, pp.587-595, 2008.

G. Roth, Différents types d'hypoxie, intégrer la physiologie de l'adaptation foetale à l'interprétation du RCF au quotidien. Vocation Sage-femme, vol.17, pp.30-36, 2018.

S. R. Maceachin, C. M. Lopez, K. J. Powell, and N. L. Corbett, The Fetal Heart Rate Collaborative Practice Project: Situational Awareness in Electronic Fetal Monitoring-A Kaiser Permanente Perinatal Patient Safety Program Initiative, The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, vol.23, issue.4, pp.314-323, 2009.

A. Kroushev, M. Beaves, V. Jenkins, and E. M. Wallace, Participant evaluation of the RANZCOG Fetal Surveillance Education Program, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.49, issue.3, pp.268-273, 2009.

T. Draycott, T. Sibanda, and L. Owen, Does training in obstetric emergencies improve neonatal outcome?, BJOG: Int J O&G, vol.113, issue.2, pp.177-182, 2006.

M. Alonso-spilsbury, D. Mota-rojas, and D. Villanueva-garcía, Perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology in pig and human: A review, Animal Reproduction Science, vol.90, issue.1-2, pp.1-30, 2005.

S. L. Sholapurkar, The conundrum of vanishing early decelerations in British obstetrics, a step backwards? Detailed appraisal of British and American classifications of fetal heart rate decelerations -Fallacies of emphasis on waveform and putative aetiology, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.32, issue.6, pp.505-511, 2012.

B. S. Schifrin, M. Soliman, and B. Koos, Litigation related to intrapartum fetal surveillance, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.30, pp.87-97, 2016.

H. Fodstad, P. J. Kelly, M. Buchfelder, . History, and . Cushing-reflex, Neurosurgery, vol.59, issue.5, pp.1132-1137, 2006.

M. P. Nageotte, Fetal heart rate monitoring, Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, vol.20, issue.3, pp.144-148, 2015.

J. A. Westgate, B. Wibbens, and L. Bennet, The intrapartum deceleration in center stage: a physiologic approach to the interpretation of fetal heart rate changes in labor, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.197, issue.3, pp.236-237, 2007.

N. Wiberg, K. Källén, and P. Olofsson, Physiological development of a mixed metabolic and respiratory umbilical cord blood acidemia with advancing gestational age, Early Human Development, vol.82, issue.9, pp.583-589, 2006.

L. Bennet, J. A. Westgate, Y. Liu, G. Wassink, and A. J. Gunn, Fetal acidosis and hypotension during repeated umbilical cord occlusions are associated with enhanced chemoreflex responses in near-term fetal sheep, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.99, issue.4, pp.1477-1482, 2005.

J. Itskovitz, E. F. Lagamma, and A. M. Rudolph, The effect of reducing umbilical blood flow on fetal oxygenation, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.145, issue.7, pp.813-818, 1983.

D. A. Giussani, The fetal brain sparing response to hypoxia: physiological mechanisms, The Journal of Physiology, vol.594, issue.5, pp.1215-1230, 2016.

R. Galinsky, E. C. Jensen, and L. Bennet, Sustained sympathetic nervous system support of arterial blood pressure during repeated brief umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol.306, issue.11, pp.787-795, 2014.

L. Peeters, R. E. Sheldon, M. D. Jones, E. L. Makowski, and G. Meschia, Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.135, issue.5, pp.637-646, 1979.

A. G. Cahill, T. Mg, L. Stout-mj, M. Jd, and . Ga, A prospective cohort study of fetal heart rate monitoring: Deceleration area is predictive of fetal acidemia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, vol.218, issue.5, pp.523-524, 2018.

F. Cowan, M. Rutherford, and F. Groenendaal, Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy. The Lancet, vol.361, pp.736-742, 2003.

Y. Jia, X. Chen, and H. Cui, Physiological CTG interpretation: the significance of baseline fetal heart rate changes after the onset of decelerations and associated perinatal outcomes, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol.0, issue.0, pp.1-6, 2019.

C. A. Lear, R. Galinsky, and G. Wassink, Sympathetic neural activation does not mediate heart rate variability during repeated brief umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep: Sympathetic activation and fetal heart rate variability, J Physiol, vol.594, issue.5, pp.1265-1277, 2016.