The control of the land is the key of the development. Both land public institutions, of State ("établissement public foncier d’État : EPFE") and locals ones ("établissement publics fonciers locaux : EPFL"), are going to assert themselves as the major tools of the control of the land of communities and seem destined to a bright future, in an unstable context which brings them to adapt their models. From the example of the EPFL of Dauphiné, the work analyzes what can be the place and the role of an EPFL in the elaboration and the putting works intermunicipal and municipal land strategies and how this comes concretely and can evolve in time, in answer to the evolutions of the environment. He clarifies the general context in which the establishment was born, studies the peculiarity of its story, its missions and its main results, and questions its model (strategy, organization and functioning, governance) in front of current challenges of the change engendered by the political, economic, legislative and institutional evolutions of the environment.