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Mémoires Année : 2020

La formation technique des infirmières à Besançon (de 1899 aux années 1920)

Résumé

In 1902 a school of nurses and nursing patients opened at the Saint-Jacques hospital in Besançon. This large hospital has been ordered since 1899 (Emile Combes' circular) by the public authorities to train competent and obedient assistants for doctors. In the revolutionary context of the advances in medicine and in the political context of the Third Anticlerical and Social Republic, this dissertation presents the establishment and evolution of the technical training of nurses in Besançon, from its creation to the 1920s. Training that allows women of the people to leave the home to access a paid trade and some social recognition. The aim of this research is to present the implementation of technical training for nurses in Besançon and to compare it to that given in Parisian hospitals, of which most scientific works have been interested. It is also relevant to question the feminization of the profession and its secularization in Besançon. The care of the sick is the work of the nuns attached to the congregations installed in hospitals before the establishment of a secular formation by the state. In this work, Red Cross nurses or private nurses also have their place because they attend courses and internships of the public training of the state school. They are competitors of public nurses, which throughout the study period helps to identify and improve gaps in state training. It is clear from this research that the Besançon School of Nurses will follow the path of the Parisian schools. She will have a difficult and chaotic beginning, which she compensated for over the years by improving her training. Efforts rewarded in the 1920s since the test results and professional skills of the students of Besançon deserve the praise of the Minister of Labour, Hygiene and Social Welfare. The School of Besançon also has an atypical background: although the students are mostly women, but the religious staff remain very present in the hospital staff and generally in hierarchical places, such as the head of the nursing school.
Ce mémoire présente la mise en place et l'évolution de la formation technique des infirmières à Besançon, de sa création aux années 1920. Ce travail de recherche a pour enjeux de présenter la mise en place d'une formation technique des infirmières à Besançon et de la comparer à celle donnée dans les hôpitaux parisiens, dont la plupart des ouvrages scientifiques se sont intéressés. Il est également pertinent de se questionner sur la féminisation du métier et sa laïcisation à Besançon. Dans ce travail, les infirmières Croix-Rouge ou infirmières du privé ont également leur place car elles assistent aux cours et stages de la formation publique de l'école d'État. Elles sont les concurrentes des infirmières du public, ce qui tout au cours de la période étudiée permet de relever les lacunes de la formation d'État et de l'améliorer.

Domaines

Education
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Dates et versions

dumas-04021087 , version 1 (09-03-2023)

Licence

Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification

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Justine Vion. La formation technique des infirmières à Besançon (de 1899 aux années 1920). Education. 2020. ⟨dumas-04021087⟩
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