Determination of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the 3 commercial formulations of penicillin G to optimize the first-line antibiotic treatment in horses
Détermination des paramètres pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques de trois formulations commerciales de pénicilline G afin d'optimiser le traitement antibiotique de première intention chez le cheval
Résumé
The fight against antibiotic resistance is a real issue in veterinary and human medicine. It seems important to review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of certain widely used antimicrobial agents. Penicillin G is one of the first line antibiotics prescribed by equine veterinarians. A first part of this work is devoted to the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and especially to the parameters of penicillin G. An inventory of the pathogens most frequently encountered in horses as well as their sensitivity to penicillin G was carry out. In a second part, an experimental pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study performed on six healthy horses using the 3 commercial formulations of penicillin G which are Depocillin®, Duplocillin® and Penetavet® is detailed. This study made it possible to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters of the 3 forms of penicillin with Marketing Authorization (MA) in France. The dosages of the molecules used in our study are those of the MAs, lower than those recommended by scientific publications. Our study enables to establish that the doses mentioned in the MAs led to penicillin G plasma concentrations sufficient for certain pathogens but insufficient for others. In order to be able to make relevant clinical therapeutic recommendations, it is necessary to be able to determine the MICs of pathogens from horses in Europe or in France; as these data are unknown at this time, they will be the subject of further research.
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