La sportivisation du canyoning en France par la fédération de spéléologie (1980-1992). Entre clivage socio-culturel et enjeux de professionnalisation
Résumé
Sportification of Canyoneering in France by the Association of Caving and Speleology (1980-1992). The socio-cultural differences and the stakes of professionalization.
This work deals with the process of sportification in canyoneering by the French association of caving and speleology. Making the assumption that the agents are structured in the shape of a field: sociology of P. Bourdieu is used as theoretical framework. The study is based on written and oral sources (nine interviews). The results highlight a disagreement concerning legitimacy in the introduction of canyoneering and competition. This debate reactivates the traditional oppositions between caving and speleology. In relation with the social and cultural position of the association's leaders these strategies are explained by the possibility for these agents bring up to date in an advantageous way their competences and obtaining profits in particular through certain forms of professionalization.
This work deals with the process of sportification in canyoneering by the French association of caving and speleology. Making the assumption that the agents are structured in the shape of a field: sociology of P. Bourdieu is used as theoretical framework. The study is based on written and oral sources (nine interviews). The results highlight a disagreement concerning legitimacy in the introduction of canyoneering and competition. This debate reactivates the traditional oppositions between caving and speleology. In relation with the social and cultural position of the association's leaders these strategies are explained by the possibility for these agents bring up to date in an advantageous way their competences and obtaining profits in particular through certain forms of professionalization.
Ce travail aborde le processus de sportivisation de l'activité canyoning amorcé par la Fédération française de spéléologie à la fin des années 1980. Faisant l'hypothèse d'une structuration des agents sous la forme d'un champ, la sociologie de P. Bourdieu sert de cadre théorique. L'étude s'appuie sur des sources écrites et orales (neuf entretiens semi-directifs). Les résultats mettent en évidence un clivage interne à la fédération quant à la légitimité d'y introduire le canyoning et la compétition. Ce débat vient réactiver les oppositions traditionnelles entre spéléologie scientifique et spéléologie ludo-sportive. En relation au positionnement social et culturel des dirigeants fédéraux ces stratégies s'expliquent par la possibilité pour les agents d'y actualiser de façon avantageuse leurs compétences et d'y obtenir certains profits, notamment à travers la professionnalisation.
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